List of state leaders in 1660
Africa
- Kingdom of Bamum – Ngouloure (1629–1672)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
- Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)
- Kingdom of Kongo - Garcia II of Kongo (1641–1660)
Asia
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Narai (1656–1688)
- China
- Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
- Southern Ming – Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
- Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
- Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Go-Sai (1655–1663)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
- Daimyos
- Hirosaki Domain - Tsugaru Nobumasa (1656–1710)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
- Joseon (Korea) – Hyeonjong (1659–1674)
- Mughal Empire – Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
- Sirmoor State – Sobhag Prakash, Raja of Sirmoor (1654–1664)
Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
- Commonwealth of England
- Richard Cromwell - Lord Protector (1558–1660)
- Kingdom of England
- Charles II (1660–1685)
- Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Holy Roman Empire – Leopold I (1658–1705)
- Duchy of Bremen –
- Charles X Gustav of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken) (1654–1660)
- Charles XI of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken) (1660–1697)
- Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
- Principality of Verden –
- Charles X Gustav of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken) (1654–1660)
- Charles XI of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken) (1660–1697)
- Duchy of Bremen –
- Kingdom of Hungary – Leopold I (1657–1705)
- Kingdom of Ireland – Charles II (1660–1685)
- Duchy of Mantua – Charles II (1637–1665)
- Duchy of Modena – Alfonso IV (1658–1662)
- Kingdom of Naples – Philip IV (1621–1665)
- Ottoman Empire
- Sultan - Mehmed IV the Hunter (1648–1687)
- Grand Vizier - Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1656–1661)
- Papal States – Pope Alexander VII (1670–1676)
- Duchy of Parma – Ranuccio II Farnese (1646–1694)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
- Monarch – Afonso VI (1656–1683)
- Regent – Luisa de Guzmán (1656–1662)
- Duchy of Prussia – Frederick William (1640–1688)
- Tsardom of Russia – Alexis I (1645–1676)
- Kingdom of Scotland – Charles II (1660–1685)
- Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
- Kingdom of Sweden –
- Charles X Gustav (1654–1660)
- Charles XI (1660–1697)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
- Republic of Venice - Domenico II Contarini, Doge of Venice (1659–1674)
Middle East and North Africa
- Sultanate of Morocco – Mohammed al-Hajj al-Dila'i (1659–1663)
- Safavid Empire – Tahmasp I Shah of Iran (1624–1676)
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