List of women pacifists and peace activists

This is a list of women pacifists and peace activists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in promoting pacifism.

International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway

Introduction

Women have been active in peace movements since at least the 19th century. After the First World War broke out in 1914, many women's organizations became involved in peace activities. In 1915, the International Congress of Women in the Hague brought together representatives from women's associations in several countries, leading to the establishment of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.[1] This in turn led to national chapters which continued their work in the 1920s and 1930s. After the Second World War, European women once again became involved in peace initiatives, mainly as a result of the Cold War, while from the 1960s the Vietnam War led to renewed interest in the United States.[2]

Armenia

  • Lucy Thoumaian (1890–1940) – Armenian women's rights and peace activist

Australia

Austria

Botswana

Belgium

Bulgaria

Canada

Colombia

Denmark

  • Matilde Bajer (1840–1934), Danish feminist and peace activists
  • Henriette Beenfeldt (1878–1949), radical Danish peace activist
  • Benny Cederfeld de Simonsen (1865–1952), Danish peace activist
  • Thora Daugaard (1874–1951), Danish feminist, pacifist, journal editor and translator
  • Henni Forchhammer (1863–1955), Danish educator, feminist and pacifist
  • Eline Hansen (1859–1919), Danish feminist and peace activist
  • Estrid Hein (1873–1956), Danish ophthalmologist, women's rights activist and pacifist
  • Ellen Hørup (1871–1953), Danish writer, pacifist and women's rights activist
  • Johanne Meyer (1838–1915), pioneering Danish suffragist, pacifist and journal editor
  • Eva Moltesen (1871–1934), Finnish-Danish writer and peace activist
  • Camilla Nielsen (1856–1932), Danish philanthropist, feminist and peace activist
  • Louise Nørlund (1854–1919), Danish feminist and peace activist
  • Clara Tybjerg (1864–1941), Danish feminist, peace activist and educator
  • Louise Wright (1861–1935), Danish philanthropist, feminist and peace activist

Finland

  • Maikki Friberg (1861–1927) – Finnish educator, journal editor, suffragist and peace activist
  • Lucina Hagman (1853–1946) – Finnish feminist, politician, pacifist

France

Germany

Guatemala

Hungary

  • Vilma Glücklich (1872–1927) – Hungarian educator, pacifist and women's rights activist
  • Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948) – Hungarian pacifist, feminist and suffragist

India

  • Kirthi Jayakumar (born 1987) – Indian peace activist and gender equality activist, youth peace activist, peace educator and founder of The Red Elephant Foundation
  • Gurmehar Kaur (born 1996) – Indian student and peace activist
  • Mother Teresa (1910–1997) – Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun, missionary, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize recipient
  • Medha Patkar (born 1954) – Indian activist for Tribals and Dalits affected by dam projects
  • Manasi Pradhan (born 1962) – Indian activist; founder of Honour for Women National Campaign
  • Arundhati Roy (born 1961) – Indian writer, social critic and peace activist
  • Bina Sarkar (born 1949) - Indian poet, cultural practitioner, editor & publisher, peace activist

Iran

  • Shirin Ebadi (born 1947) – Iranian lawyer, human rights activist, Nobel peace laureate

Iraq

  • Nadia Murad (born 1993) – Iraqi human rights activist, Nobel Prize laureate

Ireland

Israel

  • Marcia Freedman (born 1938) - American-Israeli peace activist, feminist and supporter of gay rights
  • Dahlia Ravikovitch (1936–2005) – Israeli poet and peace activist
  • Ada Yonath (born 1939) – Israeli Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2009, pacifist

Italy

  • Alaide Gualberta Beccari (1842–1906) – Italian feminist, pacifist and social reformer
  • Rosa Genoni (1867–1954) – Italian fashion designer, feminist, pacifist
  • Linda Malnati (1855–1921), influential women's rights activist, trade unionist, suffragist, pacifist and writer

Ivory Coast

Japan

  • Marii Hasegawa (1918–2012) – Japanese peace activist
  • Raichō Hiratsuka (1886–1971) – Japanese writer, political activist, feminist, pacifist
  • Tano Jōdai (1886–1982) – Japanese English literature professor, peace activist and university president
  • Shina Inoue Kan (1899–1982) – Japanese academic, women's rights activist and pacifist
  • Yosano Akiko (1878–1942) – Japanese writer, feminist, pacifist

Kenya

Lebanon

Liberia

Lithuania

  • Gabrielle Radziwill (1877–1968), Lithuanian pacifist, feminist and League of Nations official

Myanmar

  • Aung San Suu Kyi (born 1945) – Burmese politician, author, Nobel Peace Prize recipient

Netherlands

New Zealand

  • Miriam Soljak (1879–1971) – New Zealand feminist, rights activist and pacifist

Norway

Pakistan

  • Malala Yousafzai (born 1997) – Pakistani education activist, Nobel Prize laureate

Palau

Serbia

South Africa

  • Julia Solly (1862–1953) – British-born South African suffragist, feminist, pacifist

Spain

  • Carmen Magallón (born 1951) – Spanish physicist, pacifist, conducting research in support of women's advancement in science and peace
  • Concepción Picciotto (1936–2016) – Spanish-born anti-nuclear and anti-war protester, White House Peace Vigil

Sweden

Switzerland

  • Idy Hegnauer (1909–2006) – Swiss nurse and peace activist
  • Émilie de Morsier (1843–1896) – Swiss feminist, pacifist and abolitionist
  • Clara Ragaz (1874–1957) – Swiss pacifist and feminist
  • Elisabeth Rotten (1882–1964) – German-born Swiss peace activist and education reformer

United Kingdom

United States

Venezuela

  • Sheyene Gerardi – Human rights advocate, peace activist, founder of the SPACE Movement.

Yemen

  • Tawakkol Karman (born 1979) – Yemini journalist, politician and human rights activist; shared 2011 Nobel Peace prize

See also

References

  1. Paull, John (2018) The Women Who Tried to Stop the Great War: The International Congress of Women at The Hague 1915, In A. H. Campbell (Ed.), Global Leadership Initiatives for Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding (pp. 249-266). (Ch.12) Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
  2. Wilmers, Annika. "International Women's Peace Movements". EHNE. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
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