Long March 1
The Long March 1 (长征一号), also known as the Changzheng-1 (CZ-1),[3] was the first member of China's Long March rocket family.[4] Like the U.S.'s and the Soviet Union's first rockets, it was based on a class of ballistic missiles, namely the Dong Feng 3 class.[5]
 | |
| Manufacturer | MAI, CASC, CAST |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | China |
| Size | |
| Height | 29.86 metres (98.0 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.25 metres (7.4 ft) |
| Mass | 81,570 kilograms (179,830 lb) |
| Stages | 3 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO | |
| Mass | 300 kilograms (660 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | Long March |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Retired |
| Launch sites | Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center |
| Total launches | 2 |
| Success(es) | 2 |
| First flight | 24 April 1970 |
| Last flight | 3 March 1971 |
| Notable payloads | Dong Fang Hong I |
| First stage | |
| Length | 17.835 m (58.51 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.25 m (7.4 ft) |
| Empty mass | 4,180 kg (9,220 lb) |
| Gross mass | 65,250 kg (143,850 lb) |
| Engines | 1 YF-2A (4 x YF-1A) |
| Thrust | 1,101.2 kN (247,600 lbf) (SL) 1,214.4 kN (273,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 242.5 s (2.378 km/s) (SL) 267.4 s (2.622 km/s) (vacuum) |
| Burn time | about 130 s[1] |
| Fuel | UDMH/AK27S[2] |
| Second stage | |
| Length | 7.486 m (24.56 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.25 m (7.4 ft) |
| Empty mass | 2,340 kg (5,160 lb) |
| Gross mass | 13,550 kg (29,870 lb) |
| Engines | YF-3A |
| Thrust | 320.2 kN (72,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 286.9 s (2.814 km/s) |
| Burn time | about 126 s |
| Fuel | UDMH/AK27S |
| Third stage – FG-02 | |
| Length | 4.565 m (14.98 ft) |
| Diameter | 0.77 m (2.5 ft) |
| Empty mass | 400 kg (880 lb) |
| Gross mass | 2,200 kg (4,900 lb) |
| Engines | FG-02 |
| Thrust | 181 kN (41,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 254 s (2.49 km/s) |
| Burn time | 38s |
| Fuel | Solid: Polysulfide |
History
Development started in January 1965 as the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry issued a design task. The two stage liquid fueled DF-4 was modified by adding a third stage in order to make it to the desired orbit. Long March 1's second flight launched China's first satellite Dong Fang Hong 1 to space on April 24, 1970. The rocket was operational during 1970–1971. Wang Xiji was the chief designer of the rocket.[6]
| Date and time (UTC) | Launch site | Payload | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | Notes |
| 24 April 1970 13:35 |
 Jiuquan LA-2A |
Dong Fang Hong 1 |
LEO | Test satellite | Success | First satellite launched by China. | |
| 3 March 1971 12:15 |
Jiuquan LA-2A |
Shi Jian 1 |
LEO | Technology | 17 June 1979 | Success |
See also
- DF-4 - ICBM on which this rocket is based.
- Long March 1D - Other member of this rocket family.
- YF-2A - Main propulsion module.
- FG-02 - Upper stage.
References
- "Space Launchers - Long March". Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- "Go Taikonauts! - Launch Vehicle". Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- "CZ-1". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- 问鼎苍穹：共和国航天纪实. 中国南京: 江苏文艺出版社. 2009. p. 128. ISBN 978-7-5399-3457-0.
- "Long March | Rockets, Types, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- Stokes, Mark A. (July 2003). "The People's Liberation Army and China's Space and Missile Development". In Laurie Burkitt; Andrew Scobell; Larry Wortzel (eds.). The Lessons of History: The Chinese people's Liberation Army at 75 (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-58487-126-2.
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