Máramaros County
Máramaros County (German: Komitat Maramuresch; Hungarian: Máramaros vármegye; Latin: Comitatus Maramarosiensis; Romanian: Comitatul Maramureș; Rusyn: Комітат Марамарош; Ukrainian: Kомітат Мармарош; ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in north-western Romania and western Ukraine. The capital of the county was Máramarossziget (present-day Sighetu Marmației).[1]
| Máramaros County | |
|---|---|
| County of the Kingdom of Hungary (12th century-1526) County of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526-1570) County of the Principality of Transylvania (1570-1733) County of the Kingdom of Hungary (1733-1920, 1940-1945) | |
 Coat of arms
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| Capital | Máramarossziget |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 47°56′N 23°53′E |
• 1910 | 9,716 km2 (3,751 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 1910 | 357700 |
| History | |
• Established | 12th century |
• Treaty of Trianon | 4 June 1920 |
• County recreated (Second Vienna Award) | 30 August 1940 |
• Disestablished | 1945 |
| Today part of |  Ukraine(6,148 km2)  Romania(3,568 km2) |
| Sighetu Marmației is the current name of the capital. | |
Geography
Máramaros county shared borders with the Austrian crownlands Galicia (now in Poland and Ukraine) and Bukovina (now in Romania and Ukraine) and the Hungarian counties Bereg, Ugocsa, Szatmár, Szolnok-Doboka and Beszterce-Naszód. It was situated on both sides of the river Tisza, and in the Carpathian mountains. Its area was 9720 km² around 1910.
History
The first mention of the county in the written sources is from 1119 ("cum in Maramorisio tempore venationis venatum ivissemus"). In the 13th century, it was almost uninhabited or very scarcely inhabited. The growth of its population started when the five crown cities (Máramarossziget, Hosszúmező, Huszt, Técső, Visk) were founded in the 14th century.[2] In 1920, after the Treaty of Trianon, the northern part of the county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Rus'). The southern part (including Sighetu Marmației) became part of Romania.
The northern part was returned to Hungary by the annexation of the remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia after Czechoslovakia ceased to exist in 1939, however the redeemed territories of the former county remained separate from the administrative branch office of Máramaros. After the Second Vienna Award, the rest of the county became part of Hungary as well and Máramaros County was recreated on this territory, with Máramarossziget as capital. Afterwards, the northern part of Máramaros county along with the administrative branch offices of Máramaros became part of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR, Zakarpattia Oblast. Since 1991, when the Soviet Union split up, the Zakarpattya region is part of Ukraine.
The southern part of the county is now part of the Romanian county Maramureș.
Demographics
1900
In 1900, the county had a population of 309,598 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]
Total:
- Ruthenian: 143,621 (46.4%)
- Romanian: 74,978 (24.2%)
- German: 47,449 (15.3%)
- Hungarian: 42,403 (13.7%)
- Slovak: 545 (0.2%)
- Croatian: 79 (0.0%)
- Serbian: 4 (0.0%)
- Other or unknown: 519 (0.2%)
According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]
Total:
- Greek Catholic: 220,817 (71.3%)
- Jewish: 56,006 (18.1%)
- Roman Catholic: 23,430 (7.6%)
- Calvinist: 8,918 (2.9%)
- Lutheran: 310 (0.1%)
- Eastern Orthodox: 88 (0.0%)
- Unitarian: 24 (0.0%)
- Other or unknown: 5 (0.0%)
1910
In 1910, the county had a population of 357,705 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]
Total:
- Ruthenian: 159,489 (44.6%)
- Romanian: 84,510 (23.6%)
- German: 59,552 (16.7%)
- Hungarian: 52,964 (14.8%)
- Slovak: 503 (0.1%)
- Croatian: 41 (0.0%)
- Serbian: 6 (0.0%)
- Other or unknown: 640 (0.2%)
According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]
Total:
- Greek Catholic: 254,215 (71.1%)
- Jewish: 65,694 (18.4%)
- Roman Catholic: 26,204 (7.3%)
- Calvinist: 9,646 (2.7%)
- Eastern Orthodox: 1,437 (0.4%)
- Lutheran: 464 (0.1%)
- Unitarian: 42 (0.0%)
- Other or unknown: 3 (0.0%)
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Máramaros county were:
| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Dolha | Dolha, UA Dovhe |
| Huszt | Huszt, UA Khust |
| Izavölgy | Dragomérfalva, RO Dragomirești |
| Ökörmező | Ökörmező, UA Mizhhir'ya |
| Sugatag | Aknasugatag, RO Ocna Șugatag |
| Sziget | Máramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației |
| Taracviz | Taracköz, UA Teresva |
| Técső | Técső, UA Tiachiv |
| Tiszavölgy | Rahó, UA Rakhiv |
| Visó | Felsővisó, RO Vișeu de Sus |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Máramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației | |
Rakhiv, Teresva, Tiachiv, Khust, Dovhe and Mizhhir'ya are now in Ukraine; Sighetu Marmației, Ocna Șugatag, Dragomirești and Vișeu de Sus are now in Romania.
References
- Máramaros, A Pallas nagy lexikona (in Hungarian)
- Györffy György: Máramarosvármegye (4: 118)
- "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
