Mampsis

Mampsis (Medieval Greek:Μαμψις) is the Nabataean city of Mamshit (Hebrew: ממשית‎) or Memphis (Ancient Greek: Μέμφις). The Arabic name is Kurnub, the name is a drink made from milk, honey and dates. In the Nabataean period, Mampsis was an important station on Incense Road, running from the Idumean Mountains, through the Arabah and Ma'ale Akrabim, and on to Beer-Sheva or to Hebron and Jerusalem. The city covers 10 acres (40,000 m2) and is the smallest but best restored city in the Negev Desert. The once-luxurious houses feature unusual architecture not found in any other Nabataean city.

Mampsis
ממשית
The Mampsis Church
Shown within Israel
Alternative nameMamshit
Memphis
LocationSouthern District, Israel
RegionNegev
Coordinates31.025°N 35.064°E / 31.025; 35.064
TypeSettlement
History
Founded1st century BC
CulturesNabataean, Roman, Byzantine
Site notes
ConditionIn ruins
Official nameIncense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev (Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat and Shivta)
TypeCultural
Criteriaiii, v
Designated2005 (29th session)
Reference no.1107
State PartyIsrael
RegionEurope and North America

The reconstructed city gives the visitor a sense of how Mampsis once looked. Entire streets have survived intact, and there are also large groups of Nabataean buildings with open rooms, courtyards, and terraces. The stones are carefully chiseled and the arches that support the ceiling are remarkably well constructed.

Name

The Medieval Greek name Mampsis (Μαμψις) appears on the Madaba map and in the writings of Church Fathers.[1] The Negev Naming Committee chose to Hebraize the name as Mamshit (ממשית), with one committee member stating that it is "impossible to leave the name Mampsis because it's a foreign name"; the committee concluded that Mamshit was the original Hebrew name, which had been distorted by the Greeks.[1]

History
Mampsis on the Madaba map

Mampsis was founded in the 1st century BC as trade post between Petra and Gaza. Also based on agriculture, it continued to develop over time. When its trade with the Roman occupation waned the city developed a lucrative trade breeding fine horses, notably, the renowned Arabian horse. During the Byzantine period Mampsis received support from the authorities as a frontier city until the time of Justinian I. When this funding ceased, the city went into decline and had practically ceased to exist by the middle of the 6th century C.E.[2]

Before the founding of the State of Israel, Prime Minister to-be David Ben-Gurion saw Mampsis as the capital of the future country, which dovetailed with his dream of settling the Negev Desert.

Two churches were discovered in Mampsis. The western St. Nilus Church has a mosaic floor with colourful geometric patterns, birds, a fruit basket, and five dedications in Greek. The eastern church has a lectern on small marble pillars, the remnants of which can be seen at the site.

The biggest hoard of treasure ever found in Israel was discovered in Mampsis; 10,500 silver coins, a 72Kg, lead ingot with its foundry markings, a collection of ancient Greek texts on papyrus, and other objects indicative of wealthy people.

Mampsis was declared a world heritage site by UNESCO in June 2005.

  • Mosaic floor of the Church of St. Nilus, Mampsis
  • The Guardhouse (left) and Wealthy House (right).

References
  1. Benvenisti, Meron (1 March 2000). "The Hebrew Map". Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-92882-4.
  2. Negev, Avraham. The architecture of Mampsis: Final report. "Qedem", Vol. 27, p. 8.
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