Mastoid cells

The mastoid cells (also called air cells of Lenoir or mastoid cells of Lenoir) are air-filled cavities within the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the cranium. The mastoid cells are a form of skeletal pneumaticity. Infection in these cells is called mastoiditis. The term "cells" refers to enclosed spaces, not cells as living, biological units.

Mastoid cells
Coronal section of right temporal bone. (Mastoid cells labeled at bottom left.)
MRI showing fluid in mastoid air cells
Details
Arterystylomastoid artery
Identifiers
Latincellulae mastoideae
TA98A15.3.02.029
TA2646
FMA72001
Anatomical terminology

Anatomy
Mastoid cells

A section of the mastoid process will show it to be hollowed out into a number of spaces which exhibit great variety in their size and number. At the upper and front part of the process they are large and irregular and contain air, but toward the lower part they diminish in size, while those at the apex of the process are frequently quite small and contain marrow. Occasionally they are entirely absent and the mastoid is solid throughout.

Development

At birth, the mastoid is not pneumatized, but becomes aerated before age six.[1]

Function

The air cells are hypothesised to protect the temporal bone and the inner and middle ear against trauma and to regulate air pressure.[2]

Clinical significance

Infections in the middle ear can easily spread into the mastoid area via the aditus ad antrum and mastoid antrum, causing mastoiditis.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 142 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. Raphael Schillinger. "Pneumatization of the Mastoid: A Roentgen Study". Radiological Society of North America. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  2. https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/mastoiditis-symptoms-causes-treatments#1
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.