Mealla Formation

The Mealla Formation comprises sandstones ranging upward to siltstones with a basal conglomerate bed. The formation unconformably overlies the Yacoraite Formation and is overlain by the Thanetian Maíz Gordo Formation. The thickness of the formation ranges from 100 to 150 metres (330 to 490 ft).[1] The formation is the lowermost unit in the Santa Bárbara Subgroup, representing the post-rift phase of the Salta Basin. The Mealla Formation was deposited in a fluvial environment.[2] Other parts of the formation contain freshwater stromatolites, interpreted as deposited in a shallow lacustrine environment.[3]

The basal conglomerate is 3.5 metres (11 ft) thick, matrix-supported with 80% of the clasts coming from quartzites from the Cambrian Mesón Group, with the remainder of the clasts provenanced by the Precambrian Puncoviscana Formation and the quartzarenites of the Santa Victoria Group. The conglomeratic section also contains paleosols.[2] The pollen analysis performed by Quattrocchio et al. in 1997 indicated a phase of higher aridity during the deposition of the Mealla Formation.[4]

The formation was initially described as Riochican, and later as Itaboraian, but after the redefinition of the Itaboraí Formation to Early Eocene, the Mealla Formation is Peligran to Riochican in age. The Mealla Formation is correlated with the Río Loro Formation that crops out in the Sierras Pampeanas to the southeast of the Salta Basin.

The following fossils were reported from the formation:[5]

• Mammals
  • Notoungulata - Henricosborniidae
    • Simpsonotus major[6]
    • S. praecursor[6]
• Reptiles
  • Pelomedusidae indet.[3]
• Pollen
  • Aquifoliaceae
    • Gemmatricolpites subsphaericus[7]
  • Haloragaceae
    • Myriophyllumpollenites sp.[8]
  • Oenotheraceae
    • Corsinipollenites menendezii[9]
  • Pandanaceae
    • Pandaniidites texus[8]
  • Salicaceae
    • Rousea patagonica[10]
  • Ulmaceae (Phyllostylon)
    • Verrustephanoporites simplex[11]

• South American land mammal ages
• Itaboraí Formation