Media circus

Tonya Harding arriving at Portland International Airport after the 1994 Winter Olympics.

Although the idea is older, the term media circus began to appear around the mid-1970s. An early example is from the 1976 book by author Lynn Haney, in which she writes about a romance in which the athlete Chris Evert was involved: "Their courtship, after all, had been a 'media circus.'"[3] A few years later The Washington Post had a similar courtship example in which it reported, "Princess Grace herself is still traumatized by the memory of her own media-circus wedding to Prince Rainier in 1956."[4] The term has become increasingly popular with time since the 1970s. Reasons for being critical of the media are varied; at the core of most criticism is that there may be a significant opportunity cost when other more important news issues get less public attention as a result of coverage of the hyped issue.

Media circuses make up the central plot device in the 1951 movie Ace in the Hole about a self-interested reporter who, covering a mine disaster, allows a man to die trapped underground. It cynically examines the relationship between the media and the news they report. The movie was subsequently re-issued as The Big Carnival, with "carnival" referring to what we now call a "circus". The movie was based on real-life Floyd Collins who in 1925 was trapped in a Kentucky cave drawing so much media attention that it became the third largest media event between the two World Wars (the other two being Lindbergh's solo flight and the Lindbergh kidnapping).[5]

Events described as a media circus include:

United States

Cameras and reporters in front of the Strauss-Kahn apartment on May 26, 2011

• The 1924 murder trials of Beulah Annan, Belva Gærtner, and several other female suspects in Chicago, adapted into the Chicago franchise by a newspaper reporter[43]
• The 1954 trial of Sam Sheppard. The U.S. Supreme Court held "massive, pervasive, and prejudicial publicity" prevented him from receiving a fair trial.[44]
• The 1965 littering trial against singer Arlo Guthrie and Richard Robbins, deliberately turned into a local media circus by arresting officer William Obanhein to deter others from repeating their actions.[45]
• Coverage of the investigation and trial of the 1969 murders of Sharon Tate and four others by the Manson family.[46]
• David Gelman, Peter Greenberg, et al. in Newsweek on January 31, 1977: "Brooklyn born photographer and film producer Lawrence Schiller managed to make himself the sole journalist to witness the execution of Gary Gilmore in Utah....In the Gilmore affair, he was like a ringmaster in what became a media circus, with sophisticated newsmen scrambling for what he had to offer."[47]
• The rescue of baby Jessica McClure (1987)[48]
• The Central Park jogger case of 1989.[49]
• The O. J. Simpson murder case of 1994-1995.[31][32]
• The Blizzard of '96 (1996). "...this storm ...so hyped by the media in the same way that the O. J. Simpson murder case became hyped as the "Trial of the century".[50]
• The Elián González custody conflict (2000).[51]
• The Summer of the Shark in 2001.[52][53][54]
• The trial of Scott Peterson (2004). "The circus became even more raucous when Peterson went on trial for murder in 2004." [55]
• The trial of Martha Stewart (2004). "The stone-faced Stewart never broke stride as she cut a path through the media circus."[56]
• The disappearance of Stacy Peterson (2007).[57]
• The alleged teenage "pregnancy pact" at Glocuester High School (2008).[58]
• The Casey Anthony murder trial (2011). "Once again, it was relentless media coverage that in large part fed the fascination with the case", Ford observed.[59][60][61][62]
• The shooting of Trayvon Martin (2012). "Here is where the media circus takes a decidedly ugly turn", Eric Deggans wrote.[63]
• The murder of Travis Alexander (2013), where Jodi Arias was found guilty of first-degree murder.[64][65][66][67][68][69]
• The sexual harassment allegations against film producer Harvey Weinstein and the Weinstein effect (2017).[70]
• The killing of George Floyd and the protests that followed (2020).[71]

• 24-hour news cycle
• Cause célèbre
• CNN effect
• Deviancy amplification spiral
• "Dirty Laundry" (Don Henley song)
• Feiler faster thesis
• It's Not News, It's FARK
• Richard Jewell
• Media scrum
• Missing white woman syndrome
• Paparazzi
• Perp walk
• Sensationalism
• Silly season
• Trial by media
• Yellow journalism