Mendy Rudolph

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Rudolph was raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[3] His father, Harry Rudolph, was a prominent basketball referee and baseball umpire.[4] Mendy Rudolph played basketball as a child and eventually chose the same profession as his father.[5] Upon graduating from James M. Coughlin High School,[3] he began officiating basketball games at the Wilkes-Barre Jewish Community Center and later worked scholastic games.[6] At age 20, he was recruited to referee games alongside his father, who served as Eastern Professional Basketball League (Eastern League) President from 1956 to 1970.[4][7] During his career in the Eastern League, he officiated his first Eastern League President's Cup championship series in 1948 and was selected as a referee in at least one game in every President's Cup playoff and championship series between 1949 and 1953.[7] At the same time, he also served in the United States Air Force during the Korean War.[8]

Rudolph was married twice during his life. His first marriage was to his childhood sweetheart and together they raised three children. But the relationship became troubled and eventually ended.[9] In 1961, Mendy Rudolph met Susan, a receptionist at the WGN office in New York City, while both worked for the station.[9] At the time, Rudolph worked at WGN as an additional job outside of officiating, which was common among referees from his era.[10] Mendy and Susan Rudolph were married in 1973.[9] Two years later, their first child, Jennifer Rudolph, was born.[9]

Throughout his life, Rudolph suffered from a gambling problem[11] and was labeled a "compulsive gambler".[12] He would often spend his leisure time placing bets at race tracks and Las Vegas, Nevada and Puerto Rico casinos.[9] At that time, NBA referees were allowed to gamble, but this practice has since been prohibited.[13] As he incurred gambling losses, Rudolph was once offered by a Las Vegas gambler to erase his outstanding debt by participating in point shaving.[9] However, he refused to accept the offer and said to his wife, "It goes against all my principles. I love the game too much, respect it too much. I couldn't do it to you. I couldn't do it to the memory of my father, and I couldn't do it to myself. If I have to go into bankruptcy, something I'd hate to do, I'd do it," according to in a 1992 New York Times interview with Susan Rudolph.[9] Rudolph had cashed in his $60,000 pension fund to pay debts and he still owed an additional $100,000.[14] While he refused to seek professional help, Rudolph cut back on his gambling habit later in his life.[9]

Rudolph was recommended by Eddie Gottlieb, coach and owner of the NBA's Philadelphia Warriors at the time, to then-NBA commissioner Maurice Podoloff, after observing Rudolph officiate an exhibition game.[3][4] Rudolph was hired by the NBA in February 1953,[3] midway through the 1952–53 NBA season and he became the youngest official in the league.[15] In his early years with the NBA, Rudolph quickly became an established official as he worked playoff games within his first two years in the league.[16]

Rudolph officiated the 1955 NBA Finals between the Syracuse Nationals and Fort Wayne Pistons, which was notable for its actions by fans, fights between players, and attacks on referees.[17] Game 3 of the series, played in Indianapolis, Indiana, was interrupted by a fan who threw a chair on the floor and ran on the court to protest calls made by Rudolph and referee Arnie Heft.[17] Six years later, he made history by officiating the entire 1961 NBA Finals between the Boston Celtics and St. Louis Hawks with his colleague Earl Strom.[13]

Rudolph and Strom officiated another notable game in the 1964 NBA Finals.[18] In Game 5 of the championship series, Wilt Chamberlain, playing for the San Francisco Warriors, knocked out Clyde Lovellette of the Boston Celtics with a punch.[4] Celtics head coach Red Auerbach stormed onto the court and demanded that Chamberlain be thrown out of the game.[4] The latter told Auerbach if he did not "shut up", he would be knocked down to the floor with Lovellette.[4] Auerbach countered the threat, "Why don't you pick on somebody your own size." Rudolph intervened the discussion and told Auerbach, "Red, do you have any other seven-footers who'd like to volunteer?"[4]

As his career progressed in the league, Rudolph took on responsibilities beyond officiating. In 1966, he was named referee-in-chief and worked alongside Dolph Schayes, who was hired as the league's supervisor of officials that year to replace Sid Borgia.[19] In this position, he oversaw areas that pertained to referee mechanics, techniques, and rule interpretations.[19] It was in this role that he authored the NBA Official’s Manual and Case Book.[13]

While he served as head of officials, the NBA lost four veteran officials—Norm Drucker, Joe Gushue, Earl Strom, and John Vanak to the rival American Basketball Association (ABA) in 1969 over salary and benefits.[20] At the time of transaction, Rudolph told Strom, "(Deputy Commissioner) Carl [Scheer], (NBA Commissioner) Walter [Kennedy], and I were prepared to offer you guys the greatest contract in the history of pro basketball."[20]

By the 1969-70 season, Rudolph successfully encouraged the league to adopt a plain gray referee uniform over the traditional "zebra" shirt to de-emphasize the presence of officials in games.[21]

By 1975, Rudolph's health condition began to deteriorate and he was forced to retire after suffering a blood clot in his lung during a 1975 NBA playoff game between the Buffalo Braves and Washington Bullets, played April 25, 1975.[3] In his final game, he had to be carried off the court.[9] On November 9, 1975, Rudolph officially ended his career as a referee in the NBA, in which he officiated more games (2,113) than any official in league history at the time.[22] Earl Strom later broke Rudolph’s record and officiated over 2,400 games in his 30-year career.[22]

Following his officiating career, Rudolph transitioned to a career in broadcasting. During the 1975-76 and 1976-77 NBA seasons, he worked as a television analyst for CBS Sports covering The NBA on CBS.[23] During his first season, he was paired with Brent Musburger and Rick Barry for the 1976 NBA Finals.[23] This championship series was most memorable for a triple-overtime Game 5, which has been labeled the "greatest game" in NBA history.[24] In this game, Celtic John Havlicek made an apparent game-winning field goal at the conclusion of the second overtime. The game clock had expired, but Rudolph, along with Musburger and Barry, noted that the shot was made with two seconds remaining.[25] Referee Richie Powers, however, decided that one second remained in the second overtime period.[24]

In 1976, Rudolph was featured in a Miller Brewing Company television advertisement along with then-Celtics head coach Tom Heinsohn to promote Miller Lite's "Tastes Great, Less Filling" advertising campaign.[26] Rudolph and Heinsohn debated whether Miller Lite was less filling or tastes great in a bar room scene. After Heinsohn refused to agree that Lite was, first and foremost, less filling, Rudolph threw his thumb in the air and screamed, "You're out of the bar."[26][27] This advertisement popularized Miller's campaign slogan[26] and the campaign was named eighth best of the 20th century by Advertising Age in 1999.[28]