Miglitol

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.[1]

Miglitol

Clinical data
Trade names	Glyset
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601079
License data	US FDA: Miglitol
Pregnancy category	AU: B3
Routes of administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	A10BF02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Dose-dependent
Protein binding	Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism	Nil
Elimination half-life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal (95%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number	72432-03-2 Y
PubChem CID	441314
IUPHAR/BPS	4842
DrugBank	DB00491 Y
ChemSpider	390074 Y
UNII	0V5436JAQW
KEGG	D00625 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1561 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0023323
ECHA InfoCard	100.069.670
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C8H17NO5
Molar mass	207.226 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Density	1.458 g/cm3
Melting point	114 °C (237 °F)
SMILES OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
InChI InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 Y Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N Y
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Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.[2] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.