Muhammad Taqi Amini

Muhammad Taqi Amini ( 5 May 1926 – 21 January 1991) was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, Urdu author and the dean of Theology faculty of Aligarh Muslim University.[3][4] He was known for his works on Islamic jurisprudence, and his book Fiqh Islami ka Tarakhi Pas Manzar is a required reading for master's degree in Islamic studies at the Islamic University of Science & Technology.[5]

Not to be confused with Muhammad Taqi Usmani.
Muhammad Taqi Amini
Born5 May 1926
Subeha, Barabanki, United Provinces of British India
Died21 January 1991(1991-01-21) (aged 64)
Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
TitleProfessor,[1] Mawlāna [2]
Academic background
Alma materMadrasa Aminia
Academic work
DisciplineFiqh
InstitutionsAligarh Muslim University
Main interestsFiqh, Hadith
Notable worksFiqh-e-Islami Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar, Hadees Ka Dirayati Meyar
Personal
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedMaturidi
Muslim leader
TeacherKifayatullah Dihlawi

Birth and education

Muhammad Taqi Amini was born on 5 May 1926 in Subeha, a village in Barabanki, United Provinces of British India (now Uttar Pradesh).[6][7] He acquired his primary education in local madrassas and then went to Jami’ul Ulum in Kanpur. He completed his dars-e-nizami studies under Kifayatullah Dihlawi at Madrasa Aminia in Delhi.[6]

Career

Amini started teaching at Madrasa Subhania Delhi, Nadwatul Ulama and Jami'ul-Uloom in Kanpur.[8] He moved to Nagpur in 1950, where he taught in Madrasa Sanwiya and High School for about 6 years and then moved to Ajmer in 1956 to teach at Darul Uloom Muinia where he became Principal and Shaykh al-Hadith. His career in Darul Uloom Muiniya lasted for about seven years and he mainly taught Hadith sciences. [8]

At the request of Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi, Amini joined Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) as a lecturer in the department of Sunni Theology in 1964.[8] He became a professor and department head, then the Dean of the Faculty of Theology, and stayed at the AMU until 1986. However, the Vice Chancellor of the AMU, Sayyid Hashim Ali extended his post up to 1989.[9]

Amini was a member of Majlis Tahqeeqat-e-Shariah, a jurisprudence council established by Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi.[9]

Understanding of punishment

In Punishment of Apostasy in Islam, S. A. Rahman says that, according to Amini,

the scope of hudud [divinely mandated punishments] must be confined to Quranic prescriptions only and all other punishments should be classified in the category of tazir [discretionary]. There might be crimes for which punishments were prescribed during the times of first four Caliphs of Islam, and for which the claim of finality may be made on the basis of previous consensus. But, timely circumstances would justify their revision in accordance with explicit texts.[10]

Death and legacy

Amini died on 21 January 1991 in Aligarh.[6] At the AMU, Javed Ahsan Falahi wrote a doctoral thesis entitled Mawlana Muhammad Taqi Amini: Life and contributions.[8]

Literary works

Amini’s books include:[11][12]

  • Ahkam-e-Sharia Mai Halat-o-Zamana Ki Ri'ayat
  • Fiqh-e-Islami Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar
  • Hadees Ka Dirayati Meyar
  • Ijtehad Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar
  • Islam Ka Zar'i Nizam
  • La-mazhabi Daur Ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar
  • Muraslat: Ilmi wa Deeni
  • Tahzib ki tashkil-e-Jadeed
  • Ka’inat mai Insan ka Maqam
  • Reconstruction of Culture and Islam[13]
  • Hikmatul Quran[14]

References
  1. Taha J. al-Alwani; A.H.M. sadeq; Fathi Osman. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 69:2. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). pp. 339–. GGKEY:7FB6LX8NT0D.
  2. Marshall, David (8 April 2014). God, Muhammad and the Unbelievers. ISBN 9781136815775.
  3. Cerulli, Enrico (1969). "Questions actuelles de Droit musulman au Pakistan: Les Uṣūl al-fiqh; la donation; le contrôle des naissances". Studia Islamica. Brill Publishers (29): 108. doi:10.2307/1595089. JSTOR 1595089.
  4. Ahmed, Moinuddin (1992). The Urgency of Ijtihad. ISBN 9788171511518.
  5. Islamic University of Science & Technology. "DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES: IUST" (PDF). iustlive.com. p. 30. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  6. Asir Adrawi. Tadhkirah Mashahir-e-Hind: Karwan-e-Rafta (in Urdu) (1st edition, 1994 ed.). Deoband: Darul Muallifeen. p. 64.
  7. "Contribution of Indian Islamic Scholars to Islamic Economic Thoughts". Journal of Objective Studies. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies. 15–18. 2003. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  8. Anas Hassan Khan (July–December 2016). "Six Monthly al-Irfan" (PDF). جدید معاشی مسائل اور اسلام Modern economic issues and Islam. 1 (2): 43. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  9. Munawwar Sultan Nadwi. Nadwatul Ulama Ka Fiqhi Mizaj awr Abna-e-Nadwa Ki Fiqhi Khidmat (July 2004 ed.). Hyderabad: Al Mahad ul Aali Al Islami. pp. 183–184.
  10. Rahman, S. A. (2006). Punishment of Apostasy in Islam. p. 124. ISBN 9789839541496. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  11. "Books of Muhammad Taqi Amini". Rekhta.org. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  12. "Literary works of Muhammad Taqi Amini" (PDF). shodhganga. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  13. Amīnī, Muḥammad Taqī (1988). "Reconstruction of culture and Islam". Google Books. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  14. Amīnī, Muḥammad Taqī (1986). "Ḥikmatulqurʼān". Google Books. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
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