Neognathostomata
The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.
| Neognathostomata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Echinocyamus pusillus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Infraclass: | Irregularia |
| Superorder: | Neognathostomata Smith, 1981 |
| Orders | |
|
Cassiduloida | |
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.
Taxonomy
Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina).
Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar").
Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida).
- familia Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
- familia Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
- order Cassiduloida
- Super-familia Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
- familia Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
- Super-familia Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
- familia Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
- familia Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
- Super-familia Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
- order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
- sous-order Clypeasterina
- familia Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
- familia Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
- familia Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
- familia Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
- familia Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
- familia Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
- familia Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
- sous-order Scutellina
- infra-order Laganiformes
- familia Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
- familia Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
- familia Laganidae Desor, 1858
- infra-order Scutelliformes
- familia Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
- familia Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
- familia Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
- familia Rotulidae Gray, 1855
- super-familia Scutellidea Gray, 1825
- familia Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
- familia Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
- familia Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
- familia Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
- familia Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
- familia Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
- familia Scutellidae Gray, 1825
- familia Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
- familia Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
- infra-order Laganiformes
- sous-order Clypeasterina
- familia Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
- familia Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
- order Echinolampadoida
- familia Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851a
- familia Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
- familia Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
- genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †
References
- Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
- Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Neognathostomata". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.
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