Nguyễn Hoàng

Nguyễn Hoàng (28 August 1525 – 20 July 1613) was the first of the Nguyễn lords who ruled the southern provinces of Vietnam between 1558 and 1613, from a series of cities: Ai Tu (1558–70), Tra Bat (1570–1600), and Dinh Cat (modern-day Huế) (1600–13).

Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the South, Nguyễn Hoàng ruled over the dark green,green and blue areas.
Nguyễn Hoàng
阮潢
Nguyễn lords
Lord of Cochinchina
Nguyễn Lords
Reign1558 1613
PredecessorMilitary Commander established
SuccessorNguyễn Phúc Nguyên
Born(1525-08-28)28 August 1525
Thanh Hóa Province
Died20 July 1613(1613-07-20) (aged 87)
Cochinchina
SpouseNguyễn Thị
IssueNguyễn Phúc Nguyên
Full name
Nguyễn Hoàng (阮潢)
Regnal name
Chúa Tiên (主僊 "Lord Tiên")
Posthumous name
Triệu Cơ Thùy Thống Khâm Minh Cung Ý Cần Nghĩa Đạt Lý hiển Ứng Chiêu Hựu Diệu Linh Gia Dụ Hoàng Đế
肇基垂統欽明恭懿謹義達理顯應昭祐耀靈嘉裕皇帝
Temple name
Thái tổ (太祖)
HouseNguyễn
FatherNguyễn Kim
MotherNguyễn Thị Mai
ReligionBuddhism

He was the second son of Nguyễn Kim. When his father was assassinated by a Mạc supporter, his brother-in-law Trịnh Kiểm took command of the Lê royalist army. Sometime after his older brother (Nguyen Uong) died (believed to have been poisoned), Nguyễn Hoàng requested his brother in law, and was appointed to govern the southernmost province of Vietnam. This land was formerly Champa territory which had been conquered by Lê Thánh Tông and at the time was under control of Mạc force. Nguyễn Hoàng defeated the enemy commander Duke Lập and took over the province in 1558. In 1573 he was given the title Grand Master (Thai-pho) by Emperor Le The Ton. Later he was given the title Duke of Mon (Mon Cong).

In 1592, when Trịnh Tùng laid siege to the Eastern Capital (modern-day Hanoi), Nguyễn Hoàng lend him resources and troops. The Nguyen army joined the Royal (Trịnh) army and helped destroy the remainder of the Mac army. For reasons that are mysterious, when the new Emperor, Lê Kinh Tông, ascended the throne, Nguyễn Hoàng refused to recognize the new sovereign and instead took for himself the new title of Good Prince (Huu Vuong) in 1600. Perhaps an explanation is found in that his nephew Trịnh Tùng had been given a similar title just one year earlier: Pacifying Prince (Binh An Vuong). Nguyễn Hoàng had many children (10 sons) but most of them either lost their lives in the battlefields or stayed in the North. His 6th son Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên succeeded him upon his death in 1613. He ruled the south for 55 years.

The reason Trịnh Kiểm appointed Nguyễn Hoàng to the Southern provinces is not clear. As anecdote goes, Trinh Kiểm, being afraid of losing power to Nguyễn brothers, ordered the assassination of Nguyễn Hoàng's older brother. As for Hoang, Trịnh Kiểm wanted to take advantage of Mạc's southern garrison troops to eliminate his brother in law.

Nguyễn Hoàng is considered as the founder of the Nguyen Dynasty and Southern Vietnam. In 2013, his 400th anniversary was celebrated in Hue.[1]

See also

References

Sources

  • Encyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 3 (Nguyen Lords) 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  • [Genealogy of the Royal Nguyen Family]
  • Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)
Vietnamese royalty
Preceded by
Nguyễn Kim
Nguyễn lords Succeeded by
Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
title established Lord of Cochinchina
1558–1613
Succeeded by
Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
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