North coast Portuguese

North coast dialect Portuguese: dialeto da costa norte pronounced [d͡ʒiaˈlɛtu dɐ ˈkɔʃtɐ ˈnɔht͡ʃi], also called cearense dialect, is a dialect of Portuguese in the Brazilian state of Ceará, having many internal variations, like in the regions Jaguaribe and Sertões (back-countries).

North coast dialect
Dialeto da costa norte
PronunciationPortuguese pronunciation: [d͡ʒiaˈlɛtu dɐ ˈkɔʃtɐ ˈnɔht͡ʃi]
Native toNorth and northwest of Ceará, north of Piauí and northeast of Maranhão
Native speakers
8.5 million
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
Linguasphere51-AAA-am
IETFpt-BR-u-sd-brce[1]

Main characteristics
  • Preference for the pronoun tu instead of você (both meaning "you"), without distinction of formal and informal speech.[2]
  • Opening of pre-tonic vowels [e] and [o] to [ɛ] and [ɔ], but always obeying a rule of vowel harmony.[3][4]
  • Lenition of [ʎ] and [ɲ] to [j], and reduction of syllables that have these phonemes, represented in Portuguese by ⟨lh⟩ and ⟨nh⟩ respectively.[5]
  • Stronger or low "r" sound, depending on their syllabic position (generally strong at the beginning and middle of words, and weak final syllables). Word-finally it is not pronounced.
  • Heightening of [e, ẽ] to [i, ĩ] and [o, õ] to [u, ũ].
  • Palatalization of fricatives [s, z] to [ʃ, ʒ] when adjacent to letters ⟨t⟩ or ⟨d⟩.
  • In Fortaleza and metropolitan area, Ceará North and Ceará Northeast, and close hinterland regions, this group there palatalization phonetic, getting affricates to [d͡ʒi] and [t͡ʃi].
  • Stronger "r" is realised as [ɦ], and also debuccalization of phonemes [ʒ, v, z] to [ɦ].[6]
  • Unique vocabulary is present in this dialect, leading many authors to write books of various dictionaries of such expressions.[7] This, perhaps, is symbolic of the people of Ceará, with their antics and humor. Examples: marminino (indicates surprise or astonishment, admiration), abirobado (something that is crazy).[8][9]

References
  1. "Territory Subdivisions: Brazil". Common Locale Data Repository. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  2. Freire, Gilson Costa. A REALIZAÇÃO DO ACUSATIVO E DO DATIVO ANAFÓRICOS DE TERCEIRA PESSOA NA ESCRITA BRASILEIRA E LUSITANA. 2005
  3. "Sobre as vogais pré-tônicas no Português Brasileiro" (PDF). gel.org.br. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  4. "VARIAÇÃO INTER- E INTRA-DIALETAL NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO: UM PROBLEMA PARA A TEORIA FONOLÓGICA" (PDF). ich.pucminas.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  5. "A DESPALATALIZAÇÃO E CONSEQÜENTE IOTIZAÇÃO NO FALAR DE FORTALEZA" (PDF). profala.ufc.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  6. "A NEUTRALIZAÇÃO DOS FONEMAS / v – z - Z / NO FALAR DE FORTALEZA" (PDF). profala.ufc.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  7. MONTEIRO, José Lemos. Fontes bibliográficas para o estudo do dialeto cearense. Revista da Academia Cearense da Língua Portuguesa. Fortaleza, 9 : 68-94, 1995
  8. "Avexado Dicionário Cearês". Archived from the original on 18 January 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  9. "Dicionário Cearês Girias Ceará ABC Cearense". dicionarioceares.vilabol.uol.com.br. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
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