Olympic winners of the Archaic period

Just how far back in history organized athletic contests were held remains a matter of debate, but it is reasonably certain that they occurred in Greece almost 3,000 years ago. However ancient in origin, by the end of the 6th century BC at least four Greek sporting festivals, sometimes called "classical games," had achieved major importance: the Olympic Games, held at Olympia; the Pythian Games at Delphi; the Nemean Games at Nemea; and the Isthmian Games, held near Corinth.[1] The Olympic Games were perhaps the greatest of these sporting events, and all Olympian victors were highly appreciated among the Greeks.

Ancient Olympia
EventAncient Olympic Games
SubjectAncient Olympic winners
Catalog of the Archaic period
Period776 BC to 480 BC
Previousno data available
NextClassical period

History

The sophist Hippias of Elis was the first who drew up the list of Olympians in his work "Olympians inscription", based perhaps on the records of Olympia, and the oral tradition memories of the older Olympiads were still live in Olympia. Conventional beginning was considered the Olympiad of 776 BC, when Coroebus of Elis win the foot race named stadion. The work of Hippias revised and continued in the 4th century BC by Aristotle, later by Eratosthenes, then by Phlegon of Tralles (Seleucia of Caria) and many others. Thus formed a kind of Olympians' chronicle, which was already in 3rd century BC the base of the ancient dating system.[note 1] Than younger tables survives complete the list of stadion winners by Sextus Julius Africanus (for the first 249 Olympiads), which included in a book by Eusebius of Caesarea.[2][3]

List of Olympic winners in the Archaic period

The table below is an attempt to give a list (as complete as possible) of Olympic winners in the Archaic period (776 BC to 480 BC) combining all surviving sources. The work is based on records in the surviving historical and literary sources, race inscriptions, the texts of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, the testimony of Pausanias and the list of Sextus Julius Africanus. The first column shows the serial number of any Olympiad, the second column the same date, the third column contains the game and the fourth column lists the name and origin of the winner, or marked with [...] if the element is not readable on the papyrus and giving whenever possible a version of what could contain when an investigation exists over this element.[2][3][4][5]

Olympiad Year Game Winner Sources
001st776 BCStadionCoroebus of Elis[2][3][4][5]
002nd772 BCStadionAntimachus of Elis (or of Dyspontium)[2][3][4][5]
003rd768 BCStadionAndrocles of Messenia (or Androclos)[2][3][4][5]
004th764 BCStadionPolychares of Messenia[2][3][4][5]
005th760 BCStadionAeschines of Elis[2][3][4][5]
006th756 BCStadionOebotas of Dyme (or Oebolas)[2][3][4][5]
007th752 BCStadionDiocles of Messenia (or Daicles)[2][3][4][5]
008th[note 2]748 BCStadionAnticles of Messenia[2][3][4][5]
009th744 BCStadionXenocles of Messenia (or Xenodocos)[2][3][4][5]
010th740 BCStadionDotades of Messenia[2][3][4][5]
011th736 BCStadionLeochares of Messenia[2][3][4][5]
012th732 BCStadionOxythemis of Coronea (or of Cleonea)[2][3][4][5]
013th728 BCStadionDiocles of Corinth[2][3][4][5]
014th724 BCStadionDesmon of Corinth (or Dasmon)[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosHypenus of Pisa[2][3][4][5]
015th720 BCStadionOrsippus of Megara[2][3][4][5]
DolichosAcanthus of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
016th716 BCStadionPythagoras of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
017th712 BCStadionPolus of Epidaurus[2][3][4][5]
018th708 BCStadionTellis of Sicyon[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingEurybatus of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
PentathlonLampis of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
019th704 BCStadionMenus of Megara (or Menon)[2][3][4][5]
020th700 BCStadionAtheradas of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
021st696 BCStadionPantacles of Athens[2][3][4][5]
022nd692 BCStadionPantacles of Athens[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosPantacles of Athens[6][4]
023rd688 BCStadionIcarius of Hyperesia (or Icarus)[2][3][4][5]
BoxingOnomastus of Smyrna[note 3][2][3][4][5]
024th684 BCStadionCleoptolemus of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
025th680 BCStadionThalpis of Laconia (or Thalpius)[2][3][4][5]
TethripponPagon of Thebes (or Pagonus)[2][3][4][5]
026th676 BCStadionCallisthenes of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
PentathlonPhilombrotus the Lacedaemonian[7][2][3][4]
027th672 BCStadionEurybus of Athens (or Eurybotus or Eurybate)[2][3][4][5]
PentathlonPhilombrotus the Lacedaemonian[7][2][3][4]
BoxingDahippus of Croton[3][4]
Public TethripponDyspontium town[8][3][4]
028th668 BCStadionChionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[note 4][2][3][4][5]
PentathlonPhilombrotus the Lacedaemonian[7][2][3][4]
029th664 BCStadionChionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[note 5][2][3][4][5]
DiaulosChionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[6][3][4]
030th660 BCStadionChionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosChionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[6][3][4]
031st656 BCStadionChionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosChionis of Laconia (or Carmis or Charmis)[6][3][4]
032nd652 BCStadionCratinus of Megara[2][3][4][5]
BoxingComaeus of Megara[2][3][4]
033rd648 BCStadionGyges of Laconia (or Gylis)[2][3][4][5]
PancratiumLygdamis of Syracuse[2][3][4][5]
TethripponMyron (Tyrant of Syracuse)[note 6][2][3][4][5]
KelesCrauxidas the Crannonian (or Craxilas)[3][4][5]
034th[note 2]644 BCStadionStomas of Athens[2][3][4][5]
035th640 BCStadionSphaerus the Laconian[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosCylon of Athens[2][3][4][5]
036th636 BCStadion[2] orPancratium[9]Phrynon of Athens[2][3][4][5]
037th[note 7]632 BCStadionEurycleidas of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
Stadion boysPolynices of Elis (or Polyneices or Polyneites)[2][3][4][5]
Wrestling boysHipposthenes of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
038th628 BCStadionOlyntheus of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
Wrestling boysEutelidas the Lacedaemonian[note 8][2][3][4]
Pentathlon boysEutelidas the Lacedaemonian[3][4][5]
039th624 BCStadionRhipsolaus of Laconia (or Rhipsolcus)[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingHipposthenes of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
040th620 BCStadionOlyntheus of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingHipposthenes of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
041st616 BCStadionCleondas of Thebes (or Cleonidas)[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingHipposthenes of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
Boxing boysPhilotas of Sybaris (or Philytas)[2][3][4][5]
042nd612 BCStadionLycotas of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingHipposthenes of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
043rd608 BCStadionCleon of Epidaurus[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingHipposthenes of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
044th604 BCStadionGelon the Laconian[2][3][4][5]
045th600 BCStadionAnticrates of Epidaurus[2][3][4][5]
046th596 BCStadionCrysamaxos of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
Stadion boysPolymnestor of Miletus[2][3][4]
047th592 BCStadionEurycles of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
TethripponMegacleus of Athens[3]
048th588 BCStadionGlaucias of Croton (or Glycon)[2][3][4][5]
BoxingPythagoras of Samos[2][3][4]
049th584 BCStadionLycinus of Croton[2][3][4][5]
050th580 BCStadionEpitelidas of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
051st576 BCStadionEratosthenes of Croton[2][3][4][5]
052nd572 BCStadionAgis of Elis[2][3][4][5]
PancratiumArrhichion of Phigalia (or Arrhachion)[2][3][4]
TethripponCleisthenes (Tyrant of Sicyon)[7][10][3][4][5]
053rd568 BCStadionAgnon of Peparethus (or Hagnon)[2][3][4][5]
PancratiumArrhichion of Phigalia (or Arrhachion)[2][3][4]
054th564 BCStadionHippostratus of Croton[2][3][4][5]
PancratiumArrhichion of Phigalia (or Arrhachion)[2][3][4]
KelesCallius of Athens (son of Phaenhippus)[3][4]
055th560 BCStadionHippostratus of Croton[2][3][4][5]
056th556 BCStadionPhaedrus of Pharsalus[2][3][4][5]
Boxing[...][11] the Lacedaemonian (son of Chilon of Sparta)[note 9][3][4]
057th552 BCStadionLadromus of Laconia[2][3][4][5]
058th548 BCStadionDiognetus of Croton[2][3][4][5]
059th544 BCStadionArchilochus of Corcyra[2][3][4][5]
BoxingPraxidamas of Aegina[3][4][5]
060th540 BCStadionApellaeus of Elis[2][3][4][5]
Boxing boys[...]creon of Kea[7][12][3][4]
Wrestling boysMilo of Croton[7][2][3][4][5]
061st536 BCStadionAgatharchus of Corcyra[2][3][4][5]
PancratiumRexibius of Opous[3][4]
062nd532 BCStadionEryxias of Chalcis (or Eryxidas)[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingMilo of Croton[7][note 10][2][3][4][5]
Pancratium orBoxingEurymenes of Samos[13]
TethripponCimon Coalemos (son of Stesagoras of Athens)[3][4]
063rd528 BCStadionParmenides of Camarina[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingMilo of Croton[7][2][3][4][5]
TethripponPeisistratos of Athens (son of Hippocrates)[3][4]
064th524 BCStadionEvander of Thessaly (or Menander)[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingMilo of Croton[7][2][3][4][5]
TethripponCimon Coalemos (son of Stesagoras of Athens)[3][4]
065th520 BCStadionAnochus of Tarentum (or Anochas)[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosAnochus of Tarentum (or Anochas)[6][3][4]
HoplitodromosDamaretus of Heraea (or Demaretus)[2][3][4][5]
WrestlingMilo of Croton[7][2][3][4][5]
Boxing boysGlaukos of Carystos[3][4]
Tethrippon[...] of Thebes[4]
066th516 BCStadionIschyrus of Himera[2][3][4][5]
HoplitodromosDamaretus of Heraea (or Demaretus)[3][4]
WrestlingMilo of Croton[7][2][3][4][5]
PancratiumTimasitheus of Delphi[7][3][4]
TethripponCleosthenes of Epidamnus (or the Illyrian)[3][4][5]
067th512 BCStadionPhanas of Pellene[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosPhanas of Pellene[2][3][4]
HoplitodromosPhanas of Pellene[2][3][4]
PancratiumTimasitheus of Delphi[7][3][4]
WrestlingTimasitheus of Croton[7][3][4]
068th508 BCStadionIsomachus of Croton (or Ischomachus)[2][3][4][5]
HoplitodromosPhrikias of Pellene[7][3][4]
WrestlingCalliteles of Laconia[7][4]
Keles[Sons of Pheidolas of Corinth][3][4]
069th504 BCStadionIsomachus of Croton (or Ischomachus)[2][3][4][5]
Diaulos orDolichosThessalos of Corinth[7][3][4]
HoplitodromosPhrikias of Pellene[7][3][4]
(unknown game)Titas of [...][6][4]
070th500 BCStadionNicasias of Opus (or Nicaestas or Nicias)[2][3][4][5]
Stadion boysPhilon of Corcyra[7][3][14][15]
Boxing boysAgametor of Mantineia[4]
ApeneThersius of Thessaly[3][4][5]
071st496 BCStadionTisicrates of Croton[2][3][4][5]
BoxingKleomedes of Astypalaia[16][3][4]
WrestlingExaenetus of Agrigento[3][4]
KelesEmpedocles of Agrigento (son of Exaenetus)[3][4][5]
KalpePataecus of Dyme[3][4][5]
072nd492 BCStadionTisicrates of Croton[2][3][4][5]
(foot race)Hippokleas of Pelinna[3][4]
KelesCrocon ο Eretria[4]
073rd488 BCStadionAstylos of Croton (or Astyalus)[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosAstylos of Croton (or Astyalus)[3][4]
Hoplitodromos orDolichosHippocleas of Pelinna[3][4]
PentathlonEuthycles of Lokroi[4]
Stadion boysAsopichos of Orchomenos[3][4]
Boxing boysAgiadas of Elis[4]
KelesHieron of Syracuse[6][5]
TethripponGelon (Tyrant of Syracuse)[3][4][5]
074th484 BCStadionAstylos of Croton (as of Syracuse)[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosAstylos of Croton (as of Syracuse)[3][4]
HoplitodromosMnaseas of Cyrene[4]
Dolichos[Dromeus of Stymphalia][7][3][4]
WrestlingTheopompus of Heraea[7][3][15]
PancratiumAgias of Pharsalus[7][4]
BoxingEuthymos of Locri (or the Italian)[3][4]
TethripponPolypeithes of Laconia[4]
075th480 BCStadionAstylos of Croton (as of Syracuse)[2][3][4][5]
DiaulosAstylos of Croton (as of Syracuse)[3][4]
HoplitodromosAstylos of Croton (as of Syracuse)[3][4]
Dolichos[Dromeus of Stymphalia][7][3][4]
WrestlingTheopompus of Heraea[7][3][15]
BoxingTheagenes of Thasos[3][4]
Pancratium[Dromeus of Mantineia][3][4]
Stadion boys[Xe]nopithes of Chios[17][3][4]
Wrestling boys[...]con of Argos[3][4]
Boxing boys[...]phanes of Heraea[3][4]
Tethrippon[Dae]tondas and Arsilochus of Thebes[3][4]
Public KelesArgos town[8][3][4]

Supplementary list

The supplementary list contains Olympic winners of this period known from literary and epigraphic records, but who have been dated only approximately and cannot be included in specific Olympiads.[3]

Chronology Game Winner Sources
700 BC to 650 BCDolichosPhanas of Messenia[3][4]
c. 636 BCStadionArytamas of Laconia[3][4]
612 BC to 592 BCTethripponAlcmaeon of Athens (son of Megacles)[3][4]
672 BC to 532 BCTethripponEuagoras the Lacedaemonian (three consecutive times)[3][4]
late 7th or early 6th century BCTethripponPeriandros of Corinth (son of Cypselus of Corinth)[7][3]
early 6th century BCWrestlingHetoimocles of Laconia (son of Hipposthenes) (five times)[18][3][4]
572 BC to 528 BCBoxingTisandros of Sicilian Naxos (four consecutive times)[19][3][4]
c. 560 BCTethripponMiltiades of Athens (son of Cypselus of Athens)[3][4]
550 BC to 500 BCKelesPheidolas of Corinth[3][4]
c. 520 BC(unknown game)Philippus of Croton (son of Butacides)[3][4][20]
late 6th century BCTethripponPantares the Sicilian (son of Menecrates of Gela)[6][21][3][4]
510 BC to 491 BCTethripponDemaratus (King of Sparta)[3][4]
c. 500 BCPentathlonAkmatidas the Lacedaemonian[3][4]
c. 500 BCStadion boysMeneptolemos of Apollonia[4]
5th century BC(unknown game)Damarchos of Parrhasia[3]
early 5th century BCKelesEchecrates of Pharsalus (or Echecratidas)[3]
early 5th century BCPentathlonTheopombus of Heraea (son of Damaretos) (two times)[22][3][4]
500 BC to 488 BCBoxingPhilon of Corcyra (two times)[7][23][3][4]
500 BC to 484 BCTethripponCallius of Athens (son of Hipponicus) (three times)[3][4]
c. 488 BCBoxingDiognetus of Croton[7][4]
c. 484 BCWrestlingTelemachus of Pharsalus[7][4]
before 484 BC(unknown game)Praxiteles of Syracuse[3]
before 480 BCBoxing boysEpikradios of Mantineia[3][4]
492 BC to 480 BCPentathlonHieronymos of Andros[4]
500 BC to 476 BCApeneAnaxilas (Tyrant of Region)[3][4]
500 BC to 450 BCBoxing boysProtolaus of Mantineia[3]

Notes

  1. According to Encyclopædia Britannica (1911), Chronology (§ Olympiads).
  2. None-Olympiad for Elis. Organized by Pisatans.
  3. It was Onomastus who established the rules of Boxing, according to Eusebius, p. 196.
  4. According to Eusebius, p. 198, Chionis was not the winner of this Olympiad, but Charmis of Laconia, who trained on a diet of dried figs.
  5. Chionis could leap a distance of 22 feet (about 6,71 meters), according to Eusebius, p. 198.
  6. Myron, son of Andreas, tyrant of Sicyon, according to Müller, p. 452.
  7. Were performed for the first time the games for boys.
  8. According to Eusebius, p. 199, exceptionally, only in this Olympiad, the boys fought in pancratium, and the name of winner was Deftelidas of Laconia.
  9. Chilon died of happiness after the victory of his son (according to Diogenes, ch. III (Chilon), pp. 72-73).
  10. He won six times at the Olympic games, six times at the Pythian games, ten times at the Isthmian games, and nine times at the Nemean games, according to Eusebius p. 202.

References

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006, The ancient Olympic Games.
  2. According to Eusebius.
  3. According to HHN.
  4. According to FHW.
  5. According to Müller.
  6. The chronological value is considered to be uncertain.
  7. The chronology is considered to be relevant.
  8. The victory belongs to this town.
  9. According to Diogenes, ch. IV (Pittacus), p. 74
  10. This was in 584 BC, according to Müller, p. 454.
  11. Mentioned as Damagetos, HHN, p. 503.
  12. Mentioned as Leocreon (according to FHW) or Neocreon (according to HHN, p. 503).
  13. According to Greek base Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine of FHW.
  14. According to FHW, this was on previous Olympiad.
  15. There is also a reference in the supplementary list below.
  16. According to FHW, this was on next Olympiad.
  17. According to FHW was from Kea.
  18. According to FHW the first one as a boy.
  19. Beginning (the most likely) from the 60th Olympiad (according to HHN) or maybe the 52nd Olympiad (according to FHW).
  20. According to Herodotus Book 5: ch. 47, 1-2.
  21. In 508 BC according to FHW.
  22. In 484 BC and 480 BC according to FHW. Also there are references to wrestling by athlete Theopombus according to HHN, p. 503 (wrestling) and p. 507 (pentathlon).
  23. In 500 BC and 496 BC (according to FHW), or in 492 BC and 488 BC (according to HHN, p. 503).

Sources

  • Diogène de Laerte. Des Philosophes (in Greek and French). I. Paris: Charpentier (1847). pp. 72–74.
  • Eusebius of Caesarea. Chronicon: Olympiads of the Greeks. Schoene-Petermann. pp. 191–220.
  • "Archaic Hellenism". History of Hellenic Nation (in Greek). 2. Athens Publishing. 1971. pp. 502–507. ISBN 960-213-097-0. OCLC 636806977. OL 18546042M. Athens Academy Award 1980
  • Foundation of Hellenic World. "The Olympic Victors". Archaic Era.
  • Karl Otfried Müller (1839). The history and antiquities of the Doric race. 2. Translated by Lewis, George Cornewall; Tufnell, Henry. London: Murray (Robarts - University of Toronto). pp. 446–462 App. VI.
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chronology (Olympiads)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 312–313.

See also

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