Oxidopamine
Oxidopamine, also known as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine, is a neurotoxic synthetic organic compound used by researchers to selectively destroy dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the brain. 6-OHDA is thought to enter the neurons via the dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake transporters. Oxidopamine is often used in conjunction with a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (such as desipramine) to selectively destroy dopaminergic neurons.
 | |
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
5-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
|
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.493  |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID |
|
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C8H11NO3 | |
| Molar mass | 169.18 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is  ?) | |
| Infobox references | |
The main use for oxidopamine in scientific research is to induce Parkinsonism in laboratory animals by lesioning the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, in order to develop and test new medicines and treatments for Parkinson's disease. In order to induce this condition in animals, around 70% of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain must be destroyed, and this is achieved either with oxidopamine or MPTP. Both these agents likely destroy neurons by generating reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radical. However, recent research suggests that 6-OHDA modifies proteins via cysteine modification, implying an additional cause of neuronal cell death.[1] Oxidopamine toxicity in neonatal rodents is also used as an animal model for the Lesch–Nyhan syndrome.[2]
References
- Farzam, Ali; Chohan, Karan; Strmiskova, Miroslava; Hewitt, Sarah J.; Park, David S.; Pezacki, John P.; Özcelik, Dennis (January 2020). "A functionalized hydroxydopamine quinone links thiol modification to neuronal cell death". Redox Biology. 28: 101377. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2019.101377. PMC 6880099. PMID 31760358.
- Breese GR, Knapp DJ, Criswell HE, Moy SS, Papadeas ST, Blake BL (2005). "The neonate-6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat: a model for clinical neuroscience and neurobiological principles". Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 48 (1): 57–73. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.08.004. PMID 15708628.