Paddington tube station (Bakerloo, Circle and District lines)

Exterior, 1868

Metropolitan Railway station south of Paddington GWR passenger station, 1874

The Circle line and District line share tracks in the sub-surface station. It was opened as Paddington (Praed Street) by the Metropolitan Railway (MR, later the Metropolitan line) on 1 October 1868 when the company opened a branch from its main route between Hammersmith and Moorgate Street.[8] The branch ran southwards to Gloucester Road and was planned as part of the Inner Circle, a circuitous route being constructed in conjunction with the District Railway (DR, now the District line) that was intended to link most of the capital's mainline stations.[9][n 1] The extension was constructed mostly in shallow tunnels using the cut-and-cover technique.[10][n 2] Services were provided by both the MR and the DR, with each company running Inner Circle trains over the other's tracks.[8]

The station has two platforms positioned in a cutting partially covered with a glazed roof and partially exposed to the atmosphere. It was designed by John Fowler, the MR's chief engineer. The brick-built street-level entrance building featured a balustrade along the edge of the roof decoratively topped with urns. Fowler's building was demolished and reconstructed to a design by the MR's architect Charles W Clark in 1914 with a cladding of white faïence blocks. The building is listed Grade II by Historic England.[6] The brickwork of the platform retaining walls was restored in 1986 during a renovation of the station.[11]

The station was the second opened by the MR at Paddington. The earlier station, named Paddington (Bishop's Road), opened on 10 January 1863.[8] It is north of the mainline station and is served by trains on the Hammersmith branch.

From 1 November 1926, the MR provided all Inner Circle services.[8] DR services on the west side of the circular route terminated at Edgware Road using two platforms that had been constructed by the MR for an abandoned plan for a new route between Edgware Road and Finchley Road.[8][12] "Praed Street" was dropped from the name of the sub-surface station on 11 July 1947 to match the name used for the deep-level platforms.[8] From 1949, the Circle line was identified on tube maps as a separate line replacing the Metropolitan line service.[8]

The sub-surface station has twice been damaged by explosions. On 30 October 1883, a bomb planted by Fenians campaigning for an independent Irish Republic exploded on a train near the station. The bomb damaged the train it was on and a passing train along with part of the station and the signal box. Sixty-two passengers were injured.[13][n 3] On the night of 13 October 1940, the station was hit by German bombs dropped during The Blitz, killing five people in the station; four more subsequently died of injuries.[14]

Pedestrian entrance to Bakerloo line on the corner of London Street and Praed Street

The deep-level station was opened by the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (BS&WR, later the Bakerloo line) on 1 December 1913 as the temporary terminus of its extension from Edgware Road.[8] To enable the BS&WR to continue its route to the north-west of Paddington, the station platforms were constructed in a tight curve.[15] A cross-over between tracks and reversing tunnels were provided beyond the new station.[16] Construction work continued beyond the station to extend the line further to Queen's Park where it met the mainline tracks of the London and North Western Railway. The extension opened in stages, with the first trains running to and from Warwick Avenue on 31 January 1915.[8]

Unlike most previous BS&WR stations, a separate station building was not constructed at Paddington. A small pedestrian entrance on the north-west corner of the junction of London Street and Praed Street provides access to the below-ground ticket hall. Following their successful introduction at Earl's Court in 1911, the station was the first on the line to be designed to use escalators instead of lifts.[16]

The ticket hall and platforms are decorated with tiling designs by David Hamilton installed during a £6 million refurbishment of the station between 1984 and 1987 incorporating elements of technical drawings by Marc Isambard Brunel and other engineers.[11][17][18]

As part of the construction of the Crossrail project, a new 170m long pedestrian tunnel was dug from the Bakerloo line platforms to the new Paddington Elizabeth line station at a cost of £40m.[19] To achieve this, the Bakerloo line station was closed for 5 months in 2016 to allow for construction to take place, as well as the replacement of escalators.[20] The new link will include 2 escalators, as well as lifts allowing the Bakerloo line platforms to become accessible for the first time - albeit via the Elizabeth line station entrances.[21]

In December 2016, Westminster City Council approved proposals to construct a new mixed-use development called Paddington Square on a site adjacent to the mainline station.[22] The plans include reconstruction of the Bakerloo line station, providing a new ticket hall - four times larger than the current ticket hall, and twice the number of ticket barriers - as well as step free access between platforms and street level.[23] The development is set to be completed in 2022.[24]