Padmavati (Jainism)

Goddess Padmavati along with Ambika, Chakreshvari are held as esteemed deities and worshipped in Jains along with tirthankaras.[7][8] Ambika and Padmavati are associated with tantric rituals. Both Padmavati and Dharanendra are revered exclusively as powerful intercessor deities.[1] These tantric rites involves yantra-vidhi, pitha-sthapana and mantra-puja.[9][6] Friday of every week is particularly popular day to worship the Goddess.[10]

• Bhairava-Padmavati-Kalpa written by Mallisena in 12th century is tantric text to worship Padmavati. The text discusses rites connected with Padmavati, namely, stambha, vasya, akarsana, nimitta-jnana, garuda tantra etc.[11]
• Adbhuta-Padmavati-Kalpa is Shvetambar text composed by Shri Chandra Suri, 12th century.[11]
• Padmavati-astaka composed by Shvetambar scholar Parshvadeva gani is commentary of various tantric rites.[11]
• Padmavati-catusadika composed by Jinaprabha suri.[11]
• Padmavati-Pujanama, Padmavati-strota, Padmavati-sahasra-nama-strota, Rakta-Padmavati-Kalpa are tantric text dedicated to Padmavati.[11]

A snake's hood covers her head, and she sits on a lotus flower. Often a small image of the Lord Parshvanatha is placed in her crown. She may be depicted as four-armed, carrying noose and rosary (japa mala), elephant goad, lotus and a fruit.[4] Yaksha-Yakshi pair sculptures of Padmavati Ambika and Dharanendra are one of the most favoured along with Gomukha-Chakreshwari and Sarvahanabhuti-Ambika.[12]

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  'Mandala of Padmavati', bronze, Walters Art Museum, 11th century
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  Goddess Padmavati at Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir, Jabalpur
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  Sculpture of Goddess Padmavati in Akkana Basadi, 12th century
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  Goddess Padmavati at Walkeshwar Jain Temple
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  Padmavati at Shri Mahavirji

• Padmakshi Gutta
• Padmavati temple, Humcha, 7th century temple

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  Padmavati Basadi, Karkala, Karnataka
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  Padmavati temple, Humcha

• Dundas, Paul (2002) [1992], The Jains (Second ed.), London and New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-26605-5
• Shah, Umakant P. (1987), Jaina Iconography, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 978-81-7017-208-6
• Jain, Jyotindra; Fischer, Eberhard (1978), Jaina Iconography, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-05259-8
• Cort, John (2010), Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199739578
• Babb, Lawrence A. (1996), Absent Lord: Ascetics and Kings in a Jain Ritual Culture, University of California Press, ISBN 9780520203242, retrieved 22 September 2017
• Tiwari, Dr. Maruti Nandan Prasad (1989), Ambika in Jaina Art and Literature, Bharatiya Jnanpith
• Krishna, Nanditha (2014), Sacred Plants of India, Penguin UK, ISBN 9789351186915
• Chawdhri, L. R. (1992), Secrets of Yantra, Mantra and Tantra, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, ISBN 9781845570224
• Babb, Lawrence (1996). Absent lord : ascetics and kings in a Jain ritual culture. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520917088. OCLC 43476107.
• Jain, Jyotindra; Fischer, Eberhard (1978). Jaina iconography. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9004052607.
• Sūri, Padmasundara; Raval, D. P; Shah, Nagin J (1987). Padmasundarasūriviracita Yadusundaramahākāvya (in Sanskrit). Ahamadābād: Lālabhāī Dalapatabhāī Bhāratīya Saṃskṛti Vidyāmadira.
• Cort, John (1 January 1987). "Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions". Numen. 34 (2doi=10.1163/156852787X00047): 235–255. doi:10.1163/156852787x00047. ISSN 1568-5276.