Parkland Memorial Hospital

Parkland Hospital
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Dallas Landmark
Parkland Hospital (1913-1954)
Parkland Hospital Show map of Texas Parkland Hospital Show map of the United States
Location	3819 Maple Ave., Dallas, Texas
Coordinates	32°48′15″N 96°48′56″W
Area	3.3 acres (1.3 ha)
Built	1913 (1913)
Built by	G. W. Sonnefield
Architect	Hubbell & Greene
Architectural style	Colonial Revival, Georgian Revival
NRHP reference No.	10000249[1]
DLMK No.	H/31
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 25, 2011
Designated DLMK	January 7, 1987[2]

The original hospital opened on May 19, 1894 in a wooden building on a 17-acre (6.9 ha) meadow located at Oak Lawn Avenue and Maple. The name Parkland came from the land on which the hospital was built, originally purchased by the city as a park.[3] A brick building (the first hospital brick building erected in Texas, now owned by Crow Holdings) replaced the wooden facility in 1913.[4]

In 1954, Parkland moved to 5201 Harry Hines Boulevard about a mile from its original site.

On August 20, 2015, Parkland opened a new emergency department and began accepting patients. Staff members and patients were transferred throughout the next few days, from 5201 Harry Hines Boulevard to the new hospital located across the street at 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard. The new hospital welcomed its first birth, a boy delivered by Caesarean section, that same morning.[5][6]

John F. Kennedy assassination

The John F. Kennedy plaque in Parkland's Radiology Department marks the location of the Trauma Room I bed in 1963.

Parkland is best known as the hospital where four individuals associated with the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy either died or were pronounced dead: President Kennedy himself, his assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby who later killed Oswald, and Abraham Zapruder, who had filmed Kennedy‘ s assassination. The 2013 film Parkland dramatizes the deaths of Kennedy and Oswald in the hospital.

After he was shot on November 22, 1963, President Kennedy was rushed to Parkland, where he was pronounced dead at 1:00 p.m. in Trauma Room 1, 30 minutes after he was shot at Dealey Plaza. At the same time, Texas governor John Connally, wounded in the same shooting, was treated in Trauma Room 2, and survived. Two days after the assassination, November 24, Oswald was rushed to Parkland after being shot in the abdomen by Ruby and died in operating room #5 after over 90 minutes of surgery. Ruby died on January 3, 1967 in the same emergency department, from a pulmonary embolism associated with lung cancer. Then, on August 30, 1970, Zapruder also died at Parkland.

Since Ruby's death in 1967, areas where Kennedy was pronounced dead and Oswald was operated on have been remodeled. A plaque there marks the location where Trauma Room 1 was previously in the prior Parkland.[7] Parkland's JFK history wall is noted at the new hospital.[8]

Parkland has been recognized as one of the nation's Most Wired™ Hospitals for excellence in using technology to fill gaps in care, provide services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and expand access to medical specialists. The hospital received this recognition 2014–2017.

Parkland was awarded The Joint Commission's Gold Seal of Approval® and the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association's Heart-Check mark in 2017 for Advanced Certification for Comprehensive Stroke Centers.

In 2017, Parkland Health & Hospital System was recognized as a Top Performer in LGBT Healthcare Equality by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) Foundation, the educational arm of the country's largest lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) civil rights organization. Parkland earned top marks in meeting non-discrimination and training criteria that demonstrate its commitment to equitable, inclusive care for LGBT patients and their families.

In May 2017, Fred Cerise, MD, MPH, president and CEO of Parkland Health & Hospital System was appointed by the U.S. Comptroller General to the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC). As a member of the commission, Dr. Cerise serves as a national advisor to Congress on issues affecting Medicaid and CHIP.

In 2016, the staff of Parkland's Rees-Jones Trauma Center began an initiative to teach classes to the community members so that they can learn how to recognize life-threatening bleeding and administer appropriate medical treatment before professional rescuers arrive. Parkland "Stop the Bleed" classes have been adapted from courses including the U.S. Military's Tactical combat Casualty Care Guidelines and the Prehospital trauma Life Support (PHTLS) course and a part of a large, United States Government effort to make "Stop the Bleed" training the CPR of the 21st century.

The staff of Parkland Memorial Hospital's Emergency Department and Rees-Jones Trauma Center received the 2016 Texas Preparedness Leadership Award for "Outstanding Service in Response to the 2016 Dallas Police Shootings." The award was presented at the 2016 Preparedness Coalition Symposium held Oct. 12–14 in Galveston.

Parkland is the Dallas County public hospital; funds are primarily provided by a specially designated property tax on Dallas County residents.

Parkland serves as one of Dallas's four Level I Trauma Centers (alongside Baylor University Medical Center, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center), a primary care center for Dallas County residents, and (along with UT Southwestern) as a medical and surgical referral center for North Texas and parts of Southern Oklahoma. Thus, virtually all medical and surgical subspecialties are represented—which makes Parkland a destination for post-graduate medical training. The Parkland Burn Center, one of the largest civilian burn units in the U.S., is famous for the Parkland Formula for fluid resuscitation, developed by Charles R. Baxter in the 1960s.[9][10] The fame of the Parkland formula is due to its being one of the first treatments for burn that included rehydration and electrolytic management.[11]

Parkland ranks among the largest teaching hospitals in the nation. Texas Woman's University began its Bachelor of Science nursing program at Parkland in 1954 and it is still located within walking distance of the Parkland campus. Parkland also serves as the major teaching hospital of the adjacent University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

It has the distinction of delivering more infants under one roof than any other hospital in the nation, averaging 15–16,000 deliveries per year. Parkland Memorial has eleven prenatal clinics and employs 72 doctors training to become obstetricians-gynecologists and 45 nurse-midwives. In 2005, the staff delivered 15,590 babies, an average of more than 42 infants per day.[12] Parkland created one of the first high-risk antenatal units in the nation and had the first neonatal intensive care unit in North Texas.

Parkland has approximately 240,000 emergency visits a year, for the co-located main emergency department (153,915 visits in 2013), and the urgent care unit (60,013 visits in 2013).[13]

Parkland is also the base for Biotel, the medical direction system used by Dallas Fire-Rescue as well as fourteen other emergency medical service agencies in the Metroplex.

Parkland's high volume of patients led to the decision by the Dallas County Commissioners Court to propose replacing the overcrowded, 50+-year-old building with a new 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m²), 17-story, 862-bed facility, along with a new 380,000-square-foot (35,000 m²) outpatient center, a 275,000-square-foot (25,500 m²) office facility, and parking for 6,000 cars. The total cost would be $1.27 billion, to be paid for through three avenues: 1) a $747 million bond proposition (contingent on voter approval, which was obtained in November 2008), 2) $350 million of cash from current and future operations, and 3) $150 million from private donations.[14]

The board approved nearly $100 million in contracts and hired two architectural firms – HDR, Inc. (based in Omaha, Nebraska, but operates a large practice in Dallas) and Corgan Associates Inc. (based in Dallas) – to design the new building. (A parking garage was completed as a design/build project by Whiting-Turner Construction and the architecture firm of Omniplan in January 2012.) One major feature of the new facility is that movements of staff and supplies are handled in separate corridors and elevators from those used by patients and visitors.

The formal groundbreaking ceremony was held in October 2010; the facility was officially dedicated in March 2015,[15] with all patients and staff officially occupying the facility that August.[5] The new facility is immediately across Harry Hines Boulevard from the former hospital complex, and is served by the Medical District station of DART light rail, which opened in December 2010. [16] In addition to Dallas County taxpayers funding the public hospital, large private donations were made as well, over the next five years; one major donation of $1 million was made by the Bank of America Charitable Foundation. Donors have their names permanently etched in glass panels in the two-story, glass atrium main lobby.[17][18]

In May, 2014, a new 44,300-square-foot, Parkland Health & Hospital System-affiliated outpatient clinic near Fair Park began construction on a 7-acre site adjacent to DART's Hatcher Station. The $19.8 million clinic, which was designed by BOKA Powell for Frazier Revitalization Inc. and Parkland Health & Hospital System, serves geriatric and behavioral health patients, along with adults, women, children, and infants. It also provides on-site diagnostic imaging and lab services. Exam rooms feature flexible equipment setups, and an on-site conference facility accommodates education and wellness programs.[19] The clinic, officially named Hatcher Station Health Center, opened on May 19, 2015.[20]

Abuse of patients in the hospital's psychiatric emergency room has been documented and brought about federal oversight of the hospital.[21] On March 16, 2014, a nurse forced a roll of toilet paper into the mouth of a patient who had spit at him.[22] Texas health authorities investigated the incident and found that Parkland was in "substantial compliance" with federal Medicare regulations in late 2014.[23]

• List of hospitals in Texas
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas
• List of Dallas Landmarks

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parkland Memorial Hospital.

• Parkland Memorial Hospital Official Site
• New Parkland Hospital Official Site
• Parkland Formula Formula created by Dr. Baxter of Parkland Hospital