Pitta (genus)

Pitta
	Noisy pitta in Australia
	Call of blue-winged pitta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Pittidae
Genus:	Pitta; Vieillot, 1816
Species
	See text.

Pitta is a genus of birds in the Pittidae, or pitta family. They are secretive, brightly coloured birds that forage on the forest floor. They are long-legged and short-tailed with rounded wings.[1] They all have green on their upperparts with blue wing-patches. Many have dark heads.[2] Nest construction, incubation and rearing of nestlings is performed by both parents.[3] Incubation is completed in some 17 days, and the nestlings are altricial and nidicolous.[3] Some species are migratory.[2]

The antpittas, a Neotropical bird family of some 50 species, resemble the pittas in their hopping gait, furtive behaviour, long legs and short tails.

Taxonomy

The genus Pitta was erected by the French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1816.[4] In 1855 the English ornithologist George Robert Gray designated the type species as Corvus triostegus Sparrman. This is a junior synonym of Corvus brachyura Linnaeus, the Indian pitta.[5][6] The word Pitta is from the Telugu language and means "pretty", "bauble" or "pet".[7]

The genus contains 16 species, distributed from Africa, through southern, eastern and south-eastern Asia, to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Australia.[8] It was formerly the sole genus in the family and contained 31 species.[1] However, following a 2006 study, some of the species were split off into two resurrected genera, Erythropitta and Hydrornis, though all members of the family continue to be known as "pittas".[2]

Species

The 14-16 species in the genus are:[8][9]

Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
Pitta sordida	Hooded pitta	mainland and maritime Southeast Asia
Pitta maxima	Ivory-breasted pitta	North Maluku
Pitta concinna	Ornate pitta	Lesser Sunda Islands
Pitta superba	Superb pitta	Manus Island (north of Papua New Guinea)
Pitta steerii	Azure-breasted pitta	Philippines
Pitta angolensis	African pitta	tropical and subtropical Africa
Pitta reichenowi	Green-breasted pitta	tropical Africa
Pitta brachyura	Indian pitta	Indian subcontinent
Pitta nympha	Fairy pitta	East Asia
Pitta moluccensis	Blue-winged pitta	Australia and Southeast Asia
Pitta megarhyncha	Mangrove pitta	eastern India to western Southeast Asia
Pitta elegans	Elegant pitta	Lesser Sunda Islands
Pitta vigorsii	Banda Sea pitta	Maluku Islands
Pitta versicolor	Noisy pitta	eastern Australia and southern New Guinea
Pitta anerythra	Black-faced pitta	western Melanesia
Pitta iris	Rainbow pitta	northern Australia

Gallery

Incubating green-breasted pitta
Hooded pitta nest with egg in Borneo
Egg of a noisy pitta
Snail shells beside a noisy pitta's "anvil"

References

Zimmerman, Dale A.; et al. (1999). Birds of Kenya and Northern Tanzania. Princeton University Press. p. 495. ISBN 0691010226.
Irestedt, M.; Ohlson, J.I.; Zuccon, D.; Källersjö, M.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2006). "Nuclear DNA from old collections of avian study skins reveals the evolutionary history of the Old World suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes)" (PDF). Zoologica Scripta. 35: 567–580. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00249.x.
Tarboton, Warwick (2001). A Guide to the Nests and Eggs of Southern African Birds. Cape Town: Struik. p. 141. ISBN 1-86872-616-9.
Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre (1816). Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire (in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 42, Num. 137.
Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 43.
Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 310.
Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "NZ wrens, broadbills & pittas". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-01-12.

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[zim-1] Zimmerman, Dale A.; et al. (1999). Birds of Kenya and Northern Tanzania. Princeton University Press. p. 495. ISBN 0691010226.

[irestedt-2] Irestedt, M.; Ohlson, J.I.; Zuccon, D.; Källersjö, M.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2006). "Nuclear DNA from old collections of avian study skins reveals the evolutionary history of the Old World suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes)" (PDF). Zoologica Scripta. 35: 567–580. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00249.x.

[wt-3] Tarboton, Warwick (2001). A Guide to the Nests and Eggs of Southern African Birds. Cape Town: Struik. p. 141. ISBN 1-86872-616-9.

[4] Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre (1816). Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire (in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 42, Num. 137.

[5] Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 43.

[6] Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 310.

[7] Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 5 January 2019.

[ioc-8] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "NZ wrens, broadbills & pittas". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 January 2019.

[9] "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-01-12.