Pontifical university

A pontifical university is an ecclesiastical university established or approved directly by the Holy See, composed of three main ecclesiastical faculties (Theology, Philosophy and Canon Law) and at least one other faculty. These academic institutes deal specifically with Christian revelation and related disciplines, and the Church's mission of spreading the Gospel, as proclaimed in the apostolic constitution Sapientia christiana.[1] As of 2018, they are governed by the apostolic constitution Veritatis gaudium issued by Pope Francis on 8 December 2017.

Quality and ranking

Pontifical universities follow a European system of study hour calculation, granting the baccalaureate, the licentiate, and the ecclesiastical doctorate. These ecclesiastical degrees are prerequisites to certain offices in the Roman Catholic Church, especially considering that bishop candidates are selected mainly from priests who are doctors of sacred theology (S.T.D.) or canon law (J.C.D.) and that ecclesiastical judges and canon lawyers must have at least the Licentiate of Canon Law (J.C.L.).

Pontifical colleges and universities are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of academic merit, religion or denominational affiliation, race or ethnicity, nationality, or civil status, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted, and the campus regulations are obeyed. However, some faculties or degrees and disciplines may be for Catholics only, and non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may be exempted from participating in otherwise required campus activities, particularly those of a religious nature.

In 2003 the Holy See took part in the Bologna Process, a series of meetings and agreements between European states designed to foster comparable quality standards in higher education, and in the "Bologna Follow-up Group". Pope Benedict XVI established the Agency for the Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Ecclesiastical Universities and Faculties (AVEPRO), an attempt to promote and develop a culture of quality within the ecclesiastical institutions and enable them to aim in developing internationally valid quality criteria.[2]

Compared to secular universities, which are academic institutions for the study and teaching of a broad range of disciplines, ecclesiastical or pontifical universities are "usually composed of three principal ecclesiastical faculties, theology, philosophy, and canon law, and at least one other faculty. A pontifical university specifically addresses Christian revelation and disciplines correlative to the evangelical mission of the Church as set out in the apostolic constitution Sapientia christiana".[3][2]

List of pontifical universities

Argentina

Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires

Austria

International Theological Institute
Pontifical Athenaeum, Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Heiligenkreuz

Belgium

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven
Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve

Brazil

Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas
Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia
Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo
Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro[4]
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre

Canada

Dominican University College, Ottawa
Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto
Regis College, Toronto
Saint Paul University, Ottawa

Chile

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago
Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso

Colombia

Pontifical Bolivarian University, Medellín
Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogotá

Dominican Republic

Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Santiago de Los Caballeros, and Puerto Plata.

Ecuador

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito

France

Catholic University of Lyon, Lyon
Catholic University of Toulouse, Toulouse
Catholic University of the West, Angers
Institut Catholique de Paris, Paris
Université Catholique de Lille, Lille

Germany

Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt & Ingolstadt
Munich University of Philosophy, Munich

Guatemala

Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City

Ireland

St Patrick's College, Maynooth, Maynooth; Pontifical University charter 1896[5]

Italy

Pontifical Atheneum of St. Anselm (Sant'Anselmo), Rome
Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum, Rome
Pontifical Gregorian University (Gregorianum), Rome
Pontifical Lateran University, Rome
Pontifical University of the Holy Cross (Santa Croce), Rome
Pontifical University of St. Anthony (Antonianum), Rome
Pontifical University of St. Bonaventure (Seraphicum), Rome
Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum), Rome
Pontifical Urbaniana University, Rome
Salesian Pontifical University, Rome

Ivory Coast

Université Catholique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Abidjan

Japan

Sophia University (Jochi), Tokyo

Kenya

Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi

Korea

Sogang University, Seoul

Lebanon

Holy Spirit University of Kaslik
Saint Joseph University, Beirut

Mexico

Pontifical University of Mexico, Mexico City

Panama

Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua, Panama City

Paraguay

Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asuncion

Peru

Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru), Lima

Philippines

The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila

Poland

Pontifical University of John Paul II, Krakow

Portugal

Catholic University of Portugal, Lisbon

Puerto Rico

Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce

Spain

Taiwan

Fu Jen Catholic University

United Kingdom

"Mater Ecclesiae College" within St Mary's University, Twickenham since 2019.[6]

United States

Georgetown University, Washington, DC
International Marian Research Institute at the University of Dayton, Dayton, OH
John Paul II Institute, Washington, DC
Pontifical College Josephinum, Columbus, Ohio (Pope Leo XIII, 1892)[7]
St. Mary's Seminary and University, Baltimore, MD

Additionally, numerous other United States institutions have arrangements by which they may grant pontifical degrees, including:

Sacred Heart Major Seminary, Detroit, MI; offers the Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology (S.T.B.) which is conferred by the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome (Angelicum) through the faculty of SHMS.[8]
Saint Patrick's Seminary and University, Menlo Park, CA; offers the STB through the Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception.[9]
Kenrick–Glennon Seminary, Shrewsbury, MO; offers the STB through the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.[10]
Mount St. Mary's University Seminary, Emmitsburg, MD; offers the STB through the Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception.[11]
Mount Angel Abbey's Seminary, Saint Benedict, OR; offers the STB through the Pontifical Athenaeum of Sant’ Anselmo in Rome.[12]
St. Bernard's Seminary, Rochester, NY; was granted by Pope Leo XIII the ability to award pontifical degrees up to and including the Doctorate in Theology and Philosophy.[13]

Uruguay

Universidad Católica del Uruguay Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, Montevideo

Former pontifical universities

Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, until the German Reformation
Heythrop College, University of London; Bellarmine Institute, London, United Kingdom.
Lund Studium Generale, Lund, Sweden, until the Danish Reformation[14]
Royal and Pontifical University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, until 1856, during the presidency of Justo José de Urquiza
Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, until the Mexican War of Independence
Universidad Católica de Santo Tomás de Villanueva, Havana, Cuba, until 1961, after the Cuban Revolution
Universidad de San Ignacio, Manila, Philippines, until 1768, after the Expulsion of the Jesuits
Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (then in Haiti), until 1823, during the Unification of Hispaniola
University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, until the English Reformation
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, until the French Revolutionary Wars
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, until the Danish Reformation
University of Erfurt, until the German Reformation
University of Freiburg, until the Suppression of the Society of Jesus
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation
University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, until the German Reformation
University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, until the German Reformation
University of Mainz, until the French Revolutionary Wars
University of Oxford, Oxford, England, until the English Reformation
University of Paris, Paris, France, until the French Revolution
University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany, until the German Reformation
University of Saint Andrews, Saint Andrews, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation
University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru, until the Peruvian War of Independence
University of Tübingen, until the German Reformation
University of Wittenberg, until the German Reformation
University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, until the Napoleonic Wars
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, until the Swedish Reformation

Pontifical faculties

School of Theology and Religious Studies, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC[15]
Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception at the Dominican House of Studies, Washington, D.C.[16]
Theological Faculty, Catholic-Theological Private University Linz, Linz
Facoltà di Teologia di Lugano, Lugano[17]
Marianum Theological Faculty, Rome
Pontifical Faculty at the University of Saint Mary of the Lake (Mundelein Seminary), Mundelein, IL
Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception (PFIC), Dominican House of Studies, Washington, DC
Wedabhakti Pontifical Faculty of Theology, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta

Ecclesiastical faculties

Catholic Institute of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
School of Canon Law, Catholic University of America[18]

Pontifical colleges

A number of national Roman Colleges designated as Pontifical Colleges serve primarily as residence halls for seminarians sent by the bishops of a particular country to study there, such as the Belgian Pontifical College. It may also provide housing for priests pursuing advanced degrees. Students may take classes at the Gregorian, the Angelicum or other universities in Rome. In addition, other members of the clergy may reside there when in Rome.

References

Matthew Bunson, ed. (2010). Catholic Almanac 2010. Our Sunday Visitor. pp. 546–550.

"AVEPRO". avepro.va. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
Agenzia della Santa Sede per la Valutazione e la Promozione della Qualità delle Università e Facoltà Ecclesiastiche (AVEPRO), http://www.avepro.va/ Archived 8 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 1 November. 2012
"Sapientia Christiana (April 15, 1979) | John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
PUC-Rio
Pontifical University St. Patrick's College Maynooth
"Mater Ecclesiae College – Ecclesiastical Faculties at St Mary's University".
PCJ
"Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology (S.T.B.) – Sacred Heart Major Seminary". shms.edu. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
University, St. Patrick's Seminary & (30 July 2018). "St. Patrick's Seminary – St. Patrick's Seminary & University". St. Patrick's Seminary & University. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
"STB". kenrick.edu. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
User, Administrative. "Bachelor of Sacred Theology – Mount St. Mary's University". Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Zwierlein, Frederick. The Life and Letters of Bishop McQuaid: Prefaced with the History of Catholic Rochester Before His Episcopate, Volume 3 (Rochester, 1927), p. 454–455.
Denmark ruled Lund till the Great Northern War; Andrina Stiles (1992), Sweden and the Baltic, 1523–1721, London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Pontifical Status, CUA
Dominican House of Studies, Washington DC
Offers the S.T.B., according to "Gradi accademici" (in Italian). Lugano, Switzerland: Faculty of Theology. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
School of Canon law, CUA

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[1] "AVEPRO". avepro.va. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2012.

[avepro.va-2] Agenzia della Santa Sede per la Valutazione e la Promozione della Qualità delle Università e Facoltà Ecclesiastiche (AVEPRO), http://www.avepro.va/ Archived 8 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 1 November. 2012

[vatican.va-3] "Sapientia Christiana (April 15, 1979) | John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2011.

[4] PUC-Rio

[5] Pontifical University St. Patrick's College Maynooth

[6] "Mater Ecclesiae College – Ecclesiastical Faculties at St Mary's University".

[7] PCJ

[8] "Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology (S.T.B.) – Sacred Heart Major Seminary". shms.edu. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

[9] University, St. Patrick's Seminary & (30 July 2018). "St. Patrick's Seminary – St. Patrick's Seminary & University". St. Patrick's Seminary & University. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

[10] "STB". kenrick.edu. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

[11] User, Administrative. "Bachelor of Sacred Theology – Mount St. Mary's University". Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

[12] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[13] Zwierlein, Frederick. The Life and Letters of Bishop McQuaid: Prefaced with the History of Catholic Rochester Before His Episcopate, Volume 3 (Rochester, 1927), p. 454–455.

[14] Denmark ruled Lund till the Great Northern War; Andrina Stiles (1992), Sweden and the Baltic, 1523–1721, London: Hodder & Stoughton.

[15] Pontifical Status, CUA

[16] Dominican House of Studies, Washington DC

[17] Offers the S.T.B., according to "Gradi accademici" (in Italian). Lugano, Switzerland: Faculty of Theology. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.

[18] School of Canon law, CUA

Pontifical universities and institutions of higher education in Rome
Universities	Antonianum Gregorian University Lateran University Salesian University University of the Holy Cross University of Saint Thomas Aquinas Urban University
Academies	Arcadia Alphonsian Ecclesiastical Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon Sciences Theology Archaeology Martyrs Saint Thomas Aquinas Immaculate Conception Mary Life Social Sciences Latin
Other	Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum Pontificio Ateneo Sant Anselmo Pontifical Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies Pontifical Biblical Institute Pontifical Colleges Institute of the Theology of the Consecrated Life Claretianum Pontifical Theological Faculty Marianum John Paul II Pontifical Theological Institute for Marriage and Family Sciences Pontifical Oriental Institute Pastorale Universitaria Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music Pontifical Theological Faculty Teresianum Patristic Institute Augustinianum
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