Pornographication

Pornography and the modern sex culture have been around for many decades. In ancient Greece and Rome, there were many sexually charged images on walls. The invention of the printing press made it much easier and cheaper to distribute information to the masses. What most people think about Western pornography and the sex culture started with the Enlightenment of the 18th century. Many more people had access to pornographic material during the Enlightenment, and in England books such as Fanny Hill; or, Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure[7] had commercial success as one of the earliest forms of erotica. During this time, people started thinking more freely, so pornography could challenge the norms of the time, as with Marquis de Sade's book Justine.[8] While most pornographic images before the 19th century were images or books, when the motion picture was invented, it created a whole new medium for sexual imagery. At the start of the 1920s, it became popular throughout the West.

Blue Movie, a 1969 American film written, produced, and directed by Andy Warhol,[9][10] is the first adult erotic film depicting explicit sex to receive wide theatrical release in the United States,[9][10][11] Blue Movie, a seminal film in the Golden Age of Porn (1969–1984), helped inaugurate the "porno chic"[12][13] phenomenon in modern American culture, and later, in many other countries throughout the world.[14][15] According to Warhol, Blue Movie was a major influence in the making of Last Tango in Paris, an internationally controversial erotic drama film, starring Marlon Brando, and released a few years after Blue Movie was made.[11] In 1970, Mona, the second adult erotic film, after Blue Movie, depicting explicit sex that received a wide theatrical release in the United States, was shown. Later, other adult films, such as Boys in the Sand, Deep Throat, Behind the Green Door and The Devil in Miss Jones were released, continuing the Golden Age of Porn begun with Blue Movie. In 1973, the phenomenon of porn being publicly discussed by celebrities (like Johnny Carson and Bob Hope)[13] and taken seriously by film critics (like Roger Ebert).[16][17] began, for the first time, in modern American culture.[12][13] In 1976, The Opening of Misty Beethoven, based on the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw (and its derivative, My Fair Lady), and directed by Radley Metzger, was released theatrically and is considered, by award-winning author Toni Bentley, the "crown jewel" of the Golden Age of Porn.[18][19]

After the start of widespread adoption of internet in the 1990s, more people could express themselves sexually online, and anyone could post pictures or videos if they chose to.[20] Pornography in the West is generally much more widely accepted, and some studies have claimed that "66% of men and 41% of women consume pornography on a monthly basis".[21]

• Female Chauvinist Pigs
• Rule 34 (Internet meme)
• Sexualization
• Sexual objectification

• Tyler, Meagan; Quek, Kaye (April–June 2016). "Conceptualizing pornographication: a lack of clarity and problems for feminist analysis". Sexualization, Media, and Society. Sage. 2 (2): 237462381664328. doi:10.1177/2374623816643281. Pdf.
• Sørensen, Anette Dina (2005). Pornophication and gender stereotyping in mass culture in Denmark (PDF). Tallinn, Estonia. Paper presentation at the conference 'Nordic Forum', Tallinn, Estonia 8 June 2005. (Sørensen is project manager, The Nordic Institute of Women and Gender Studies, (NIKK), Oslo University.)
• Paasonen, Susanna; Nikunen, Kaarina; Saarenmaa, Laura (2007). Pornification: sex and sexuality in media culture. Oxford New York: Berg. ISBN 9781845207038.