Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal

Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal, a major component of the Port of New York and New Jersey, is the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving New York metropolitan area and the northeastern quadrant of North America. Located on Newark Bay, the facility is run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Its two components—Port Newark and the Elizabeth Marine Terminal (sometimes called "Port Newark" and "Port Elizabeth")—sit side by side within the cities of Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey, just east of the New Jersey Turnpike and Newark Liberty International Airport.[1]

Not to be confused with Port Elizabeth, New Jersey.
Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal
Details
Draft depth50 feet
Air draft215 feet (Bayonne Bridge)
The port facility is shown in pink, along with the usual route of ships entering Newark Bay via The Narrows and Kill Van Kull between Bayonne, New Jersey, and Staten Island.
Container port facilities at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, seen from Bayonne
Part of the A.P. Moller Container terminal at Port Elizabeth.
USACE patrol boat on Newark Bay

Operations

The busiest container port in the world in 1985, the Port was, as of 2004, the largest in the eastern United States and the third-largest in the country.[2]

Container goods typically arrive on container ships through The Narrows and the Kill Van Kull before entering Newark Bay, a shallow body of water that has been dredged to accommodate large ships (some ships enter Newark Bay via the Arthur Kill). The port facility consists of two main dredged slips and multiple loading cranes. Shipping containers are arrayed in large stacks visible from the New Jersey Turnpike before being loaded onto rail cars and trucks.

In 2009, the major port operators at Port Newark–Elizabeth included Maher terminals, APM terminal (A. P. Moller-Maersk), and PNCT (Port Newark Container Terminal).

Since 1998, the port has seen a 65% increase in traffic. In 2003, the port moved over $100 billion in goods. In 2006, it handled more than 20% of all US imports from Germany, more than any other US port.[3]

Improvements

The height of ships serving the port is limited by the Bayonne Bridge over Kill Van Kull. This limitation had become more serious since the Panama Canal expanded in 2016, allowing bigger, new Panamax ships to reach the port from Asia. In 2012, the Port Authority announced plans to increase the height of the Bayonne Bridge's roadway to 215 feet, at cost around $1.7 billion.[4] The increased navigational clearance was achieved in June 2017, and the overall bridge project was completed in 2019. Other improvements are expected to cost additional billions of dollars, including larger cranes, bigger railyard facilities, deeper channels, and expanded wharves. New cranes arrived in May 2014.[5]

Rail facilities
Port Newark and the adjacent Doremus Ave. Auto Terminal auto processing facilities

ExpressRail, an initiative of the PANYNJ, provides dockside transloading operations at both Port Elizabeth (operated by Millennium Marine Rail) and Port Newark. Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRCX) is the terminal railroad connecting to the Chemical Coast for CSX Transportation (CSX) and Norfolk Southern (NS).

The auto-processing facilities at the north end of Port Newark and the adjacent Doremus Ave. Auto Terminal are served by dockside trackage. Oak Island Yard, the major classification yard in the region, is just north of the port. NS operates an ExpressRail yard south of the port adjacent to Jersey Gardens.

History
Early reclamation efforts
Port Newark

The western edge of Newark Bay was originally the Newark Meadows, shallow tidal wetlands covering about 12 square miles (31 km2). In the 1910s, the city of Newark began excavating an angled shipping channel in the northeastern quadrant of the wetland. This became the basis of Port Newark.[6][7] Work on the channel and terminal facilities on its north side accelerated during World War I, when the federal government took control of Port Newark. During the war, nearly 25,000 troops were stationed at the Newark Bay Shipyard.[8]

The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was formed in 1921,[9] and the Newark Bay Channels were authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Acts in 1922. Shipping operations languished after the war, and in 1927, the city of Newark started construction of Newark Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) on the northwestern quadrant of the wetlands that lay between Port Newark and the edge of the developed city. The port authority took over the operations of Port Newark and Newark Airport in 1948 and began modernizing both facilities and expanding them southward.

The SS Ideal X, considered the first container ship, made her maiden voyage as a container carrier on April 26, 1956,[10] carrying 58 containers from Port Newark to the Port of Houston.[11][12] SeaLand expanded its operations into the newly developed container terminal.

In 1958, the port authority dredged another shipping channel, which straightened the course of Bound Brook, the tidal inlet forming the boundary between Newark and Elizabeth. Dredged materials were used to create new upland south of the new Elizabeth Channel, where the port authority constructed the Elizabeth Marine Terminal. The first shipping facility to open on the Elizabeth Channel was the new 90-acre (36 ha) Sea-Land Container Terminal, which was the prototype for virtually every container terminal constructed thereafter.[11]

This new port facility antiquated most of the traditional waterfront port facilities in New York Harbor, leading to a steep decline in such areas as Manhattan, Hoboken, and Brooklyn. The automated nature of the facility requires far fewer workers and does not require the opening of containers before onward shipping.[13]

In 2000, a Congressional study deemed the port and other transportation, communications, oil, and chemical facilities along a two-mile stretch of New Jersey "the nation's most enticing environment for terrorists", according to a 2005 New York Times article.[14]

In 2011, PANYNJ restructured the lease of a major tenant, Port Newark Container Terminal (PNCT), whose owner had been subject of the Dubai Ports World controversy. The agreement calls for a 20-year extension of PNCT's existing lease through 2050, subject to PNCT's investment of $500 million and an expansion from 180 to about 287 acres to accommodate additional volume. It is expected to generate an annual increase in container volume from Mediterranean Shipping Company, the world's second-largest shipping company, from 414,000 to 1.1 million containers by 2030.[15][16] Various planned steps to accommodate this growth include deepening the Kill van Kull, raising the Bayonne Bridge, and expanding rail freight facilities. Highstar Capital, the owner of PNCT's parent company Ports America is shopping the company.[17] In 2017, a Turkish company seeks to buy Ports America.[18]

Port of New York and New Jersey facilities

Other seaport terminals of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey include:

See also

References
  1. https://njmonthly.com/articles/jersey-living/port-newark-elizabeth-marine-terminal/
  2. Lipton, Eric (November 22, 2004). "New York Port Hums Again, With Asian Trade". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
  3. Foreign imports to USA ports, measured in kilograms, from Germany (from 'worldportsource.com'. Accessed 2008-02-14.)
  4. "Bayonne Bridge Navigational Clearance Program". The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  5. Giant shipping cranes arrive at port, heralding 'super post-Panamax' era. NJ.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-23.
  6. "TO MAKE NEWARK BAY A BIG PORT; The Jersey Meadow's Being Transformed Into a Busy Spot, with Docks and Reclaimed Land" (PDF). The New York Times. 1915-06-27.
  7. French, Kenneth (February 24, 2002). Images of America:Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 25–29. ISBN 978-0-7385-0966-2. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  8. Newark Bay Shipyard. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 2014-06-23.
  10. "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey - Press Release".
  11. History - Port of New York and New Jersey - Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Panynj.gov. Retrieved on 2014-06-23.
  12. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2013-08-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. Levinson, Marc (2016). The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger (2nd ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 102–134. ISBN 9780691170817.
  14. KOCIENIEWSKI, David (May 9, 2005). "Facing the City, Potential Targets Rely on a Patchwork of Security". New York City. New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  15. Strunsky, Steve (June 17, 2011), "Port Newark terminal lease deal to double volume", The Star-Ledger, retrieved 2011-07-28
  16. Gibson, Ginger (July 27, 2011), "Expansion of Port Newark Container Terminal will spur job growth, Gov. Christie says", The Star-Ledger, retrieved 2011-07-28
  17. Tan, Wei Zhe (July 6, 2017). "Yildirim eyes CMA CGM stake sale to fund Ports America purchase". Lloyd's List. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  18. Barnard, Bruce (July 6, 2017). "Yildirim, pursuing Ports America, seeks buyer for CMA CGM stake". JOC.

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