Pritzker Architecture Prize

The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture".[1] Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.[2][3][4][5]

Pritzker Architecture Prize
Medal of the Pritzker Architecture Prize
Awarded forA career of achievement in the art of architecture
Sponsored byHyatt Foundation
Reward(s)US$100,000
First awarded1979 (1979)
Last awarded2020
Websitewww.pritzkerprize.com

The Pritzker Architecture Prize is said to be awarded "irrespective of nationality, race, creed, or ideology".[6] The recipients receive US$100,000, a citation certificate, and, since 1987, a bronze medallion.[1] The designs on the medal are inspired by the work of architect Louis Sullivan, while the Latin inspired inscription on the reverse of the medallion—firmitas, utilitas, venustas (English: firmness, commodity and delight)—is from Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius. Before 1987, a limited edition Henry Moore sculpture accompanied the monetary prize.[1]

The Executive Director of the prize, Martha Thorne,[7] solicits nominations from a range of people, including past Laureates, academics, critics and others "with expertise and interest in the field of architecture".[6] Any licensed architect can also make a personal application for the prize before November 1 every year. (In 1988 Gordon Bunshaft nominated himself for the award and eventually won it.)[8] The jury, consisting of five to nine "experts ... recognized professionals in their own fields of architecture, business, education, publishing, and culture", deliberates and early in the following year announce the winner.[6] The prize Chair is Stephen Breyer; earlier chairs were J. Carter Brown (1979–2002), the Lord Rothschild (2003–2004), the Lord Palumbo (2005–2015) and Glenn Murcutt (2016–2018).[9]

Laureates

Inaugural winner Philip Johnson was cited "for 50 years of imagination and vitality embodied in a myriad of museums, theaters, libraries, houses, gardens and corporate structures".[10] The 2004 laureate Zaha Hadid was the first female prize winner.[11] Ryue Nishizawa became the youngest winner in 2010 at age 44.[12] Partners in architecture (in 2001, Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, in 2010, Kazuyo Sejima and Nishizawa, and in 2020, Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara) have shared the award.[13] In 1988, Gordon Bunshaft and Oscar Niemeyer were both separately honored with the award.[14] The 2017 winners, architects Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, and Ramón Vilalta were the first group of three to share the prize.[15][16]

Year Laureate(s) Nationality Photo Example work (year completed) Ceremony location Ref.
1979 Philip Johnson United StatesGlass House (1949)Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC[17]
1980 Luis Barragán MexicoTorres de Satélite (1957)Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC[4]
1981 James Stirling United KingdomSeeley Historical Library (1968)National Building Museum, Washington DC[18]
1982 Kevin Roche Ireland
United States		Knights of Columbus Building (1969)Art Institute of Chicago[2][A]
1983 Ieoh Ming Pei United StatesNational Gallery of Art, East Building (1978)Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City[19][B]
1984 Richard Meier United StatesHigh Museum of Art (1983)National Gallery of Art, Washington DC[2]
1985 Hans Hollein AustriaAbteiberg Museum (1982)The Huntington Library, San Marino, California[2]
1986 Gottfried Böhm Germany (West Germany)Christi Auferstehung, Cologne (1968)Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, London[2]
1987 Kenzō Tange JapanSt. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo (1964)Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas[20]
1988 Gordon Bunshaft
(shared prize)		 United States
–
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (1963)Art Institute of Chicago[2][21]
Oscar Niemeyer
(shared prize)		 BrazilCathedral of Brasília (1958)[2][21]
1989 Frank Gehry Canada
United States		Walt Disney Concert Hall (2003)Tōdai-ji, Nara, Japan[19][C]
1990 Aldo Rossi ItalyBonnefanten Museum (1990)Palazzo Grassi, Venice[22]
1991 Robert Venturi United StatesNational Gallery, Sainsbury Wing (1991)Palace of Iturbide, Mexico City[23]
1992 Álvaro Siza Vieira PortugalPavilion of Portugal in Expo'98 (1998)Harold Washington Library, Chicago[24]
1993 Fumihiko Maki JapanTokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium (1991)Prague Castle[20]
1994 Christian de Portzamparc France
–
French Embassy, Berlin (2003)The Commons, Columbus, Indiana[25]
1995 Tadao Ando JapanChurch of the Light (1989)Petit Trianon, Versailles[26]
1996 Rafael Moneo SpainKursaal Palace (1999)Getty Center, Los Angeles[19]
1997 Sverre Fehn NorwayNorwegian Glacier Museum (1991)Guggenheim Museum Bilbao[27]
1998 Renzo Piano ItalyKansai International Airport (1994)White House, Washington DC[28]
1999 Norman Foster United KingdomMillennium Bridge (London) (2000)Altes Museum, Berlin[19]
2000 Rem Koolhaas NetherlandsCasa da Música, Porto (2003)Jerusalem Archaeological Park[29]
2001 Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron SwitzerlandTate Modern (2000)Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia[30]
2002 Glenn Murcutt AustraliaBerowra Waters Inn (1983)Campidoglio, Rome[31]
2003 Jørn Utzon DenmarkSydney Opera House (1973)Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, Madrid[32]
2004 Zaha Hadid Iraq
United Kingdom		Contemporary Arts Center (2003)Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg[19][D]
2005 Thom Mayne United States
–
San Francisco Federal Building (2007)Pritzker Pavilion, Chicago[33]
2006 Paulo Mendes da Rocha BrazilSaint Peter Chapel, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (1987)Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul[34]
2007 Richard Rogers Italy
United Kingdom		Lloyd's building (1986)Banqueting House, Whitehall, London[35][E]
2008 Jean Nouvel FranceTorre Agbar (2005)Library of Congress, Washington DC[19][36]
2009 Peter Zumthor SwitzerlandTherme Vals (1996)Legislative Palace of the City Council, Buenos Aires[19][37]
2010 Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa Japan21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa (2003)Ellis Island, New York City
2011 Eduardo Souto de Moura PortugalEstádio Municipal de Braga (2004)Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, Washington DC[38]
2012 Wang Shu ChinaNingbo Museum (2008)Great Hall of the People, Beijing[39]
2013 Toyo Ito JapanSendai Mediatheque (2001)John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston[40]
2014 Shigeru Ban JapanCentre Pompidou-Metz (2010)Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam[41]
2015 Frei Otto Germany
–
Olympic Stadium, Munich (1972)New World Center, Miami[42][43] [†]
2016 Alejandro Aravena ChileSiamese Towers, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (2005)United Nations Headquarters, New York City[44][45]
2017 Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, and Ramón Vilalta Spain
–
Sant Antoni Library, Barcelona (2008)Akasaka Palace, Tokyo[46]
2018 B. V. Doshi India Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (1977–1992, multiple phases) Aga Khan Museum, Toronto [47][48]
2019 Arata Isozaki Japan Art Tower Mito (1990) Palace of Versailles [49]
2020 Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara Ireland

The Grafton Building of Bocconi University (2007) Online[50][51][52] [13][G]

Table notes
A. a Roche was born in Ireland.[53]
B. b Pei was born in China.[54]
C. c Gehry was born in Canada.[55]
D. d Hadid was born in Iraq.[56]
E. e Rogers was born in Italy into an Anglo-Italian family.[57]
F.  † Posthumous award.
G. g Ceremony held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Controversy

In 2013, the student organization "Women in Design" at the Harvard Graduate School of Design started a petition on behalf of Denise Scott Brown to receive joint recognition with her partner, past prize winner Robert Venturi, furthering a debate about sexism in architecture. The petition, according to The New York Times, "reignited long-simmering tensions in the architectural world over whether women have been consistently denied the standing they deserve in a field whose most prestigious award was not given to a woman until 2004, when Zaha Hadid won".[58] Although the petition received international support of several past recipients, the jury said that it cannot revisit the work of past juries, in order to acknowledge the work of Brown and Lu Wenyu, both women and equal partners to their spouses Venturi and Wang Shu, who won in 1991 and 2012 respectively.[59] Scott Brown told CNN that "as a woman, she had felt excluded by the elite of architecture throughout her career," and that "the Pritzker Prize was based on the fallacy that great architecture was the work of a 'single lone male genius' at the expense of collaborative work."[60] In 2020, the Pritzker jury said in its citation awarding the prize to Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara – making them the fourth and fifth women to ever be awarded the prize – that they were, "pioneers in a field that has traditionally been and still is a male-dominated profession [and] beacons to others as they forge their exemplary professional path."[61]

See also

References

General

  • "Past laureates". Pritzker Architecture Prize official site. The Hyatt Foundation. Retrieved March 17, 2013.

Specific

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  3. McLean, Pauline (June 9, 2011). "Riverside Museum architect visits 'sophisticated shed'". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 4, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
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  8. "Cityscapes: How to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize: Practice, practice, practice (and don't be shy about nominating yourself)". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2010.
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