Qadian

Qadian (/kɑːdɪjɑːn/; Hindustani pronunciation: [qɑːd̪ijɑ̃ː]) is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur District, north-east of Amritsar, situated 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Batala city in the state of Punjab, India.

For the village in Iran, see Qadian, Iran.

Qadian
Town
Minaratul Masih of Aqsa Mosque located alongside a Mandir and Gurudwara is one of the major landmarks of Qadian
Qadian
Location in Punjab, India
Qadian
Qadian (India)
Coordinates: 31.82°N 75.39°E / 31.82; 75.39
Country India
StatePunjab
DistrictGurdaspur
Elevation
250 m (820 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total21,899
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)

Qadian is the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement. It remained the centre of the Ahmadiyya movement until the Partition of India in 1947.

History

Qadian was established in 1530 by Mirza Hadi Baig, a religious scholar dedicated to Islam and the first Qazi in the area. Mirza Hadi Baig was from a royal household of Mirza of the Mughal Empire. He migrated from Samarkand and settled in Punjab where he was granted a vast tract of land comprising 80 villages by the emperor Babur. Because of his religious beliefs, he named the center of the 80 villages Islam Pur Qazi and governed from there. Over time, the name of the town changed to Qazi Maji, then Qadi, and eventually it became known as 'Qadian'.

Qadian and the surrounding areas later fell to the Ramgharia Sikhs who offered the ruling Qazis, two villages which they refused. In 1834, during the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the region consisting of Qadian and five adjoining villages was given to Mirza Ghulam Murtaza, father of Ghulam Ahmad in return for military support in Kashmir, Mahadi, the Kulu valley, Peshawar and Hazara.[2]


Members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community who spoke 47 different languages in Qadian.

As the home of the Ahmadiyya Movement

A remote and unknown town, Qadian emerged as a centre of religious learning in 1889, when Mirza Ghulam Ahmad established the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, and in 1891 it became the venue for the Community's annual gatherings. Qadian remained the administrative headquarters and capital of the Ahmadiyya Caliphate until the partition of India in 1947, when much of the Community migrated to Pakistan. Following the partition, Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad, the second Khalifa of the Community, carefully oversaw the safe migration of Ahmadis from Qadian to the newly founded state, instructing 313 men, including two of his own sons, to stay in Qadian and guard the sites holy to Ahmadis, conferring upon them the title darveshān-i qādiyān (the dervishes of Qadian) and eventually moving the headquarters to Rabwah, Pakistan.[3]

Geography

Qadian is located at 31.82°N 75.39°E / 31.82; 75.39. It has an average elevation of 250 metres (820 feet).[4][5]

Demographics

As of India's census in 2013,[6] Qadian had a population of 40,827. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Qadian has an average literacy rate of 75%, slightly higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 70%. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Notable people from Qadian
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Movement

Although Qadian is relatively remote and has a very small population, it has many notable historical, religious and political figures;

Religious Leaders

Ahmadiyya Caliphs

Famous Personalities

Poets

Military Leaders

Politicians

Health Service Providers

Education

Notable monuments

References
  1. "Census of India: Search Details". www.censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  2. Shahid, Dost Mohammad (2007) [2000]. Taareekhe–Ahmadiyyat (Tareekh E Ahmadiyyat) [History of Ahmadiyyat] (PDF) (in Urdu). 1. India: Nazarat Nashro Ishaat Qadian. p. 40. ISBN 978-81-7912-121-4. ISBN incorrectly printed in the book as 181-7912-121-6. Complete PDF: 19 Volumes (11,600 pages) (541.0 M). (Volume 14 meta-data appeared to closely match the original reference, but is unverified as the correct volume).
  3. Khan, Adil Hussain (6 April 2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia. ISBN 9780253015297. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  4. "Qadian in India is Situated Exactly to the East of Damascus in Syria". Flickr. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  5. "The Divine guidance about leadership in the latter days". Ahmaddiya Muslim Community. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  6. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
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