White Minaret (Qadian)
The White Minaret (Arabic: منارہ المسیح, romanized: manārat-ul masīh; lit. Minaret of the Messiah) is a stone tower and monument standing beside the Aqsa Mosque in Qadian, India. It was constructed under the direction of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement specifically as a light tower symbolising the ultimate pre-eminence of Islam.[1]
The minaret has three stages, 92 steps, and a total height of about 105 ft or 32 m.[2][3] Its construction was completed in 1916 and has since become a symbol and distinctive mark in Ahmadiyya Islam. The minaret features on the Ahmadiyya flag and also (sometimes with rays of light) in the movement's major publications.[4] It is classified as a historical monument.
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Religious significance
According to a prophecy in Islamic tradition, Jesus, upon his advent in the end times, would descend near a white minaret to the east of Damascus.
Allah would send the Messiah, son of Mary, and he will descend near (at/by) the white minaret, East of Damascus, wearing two saffron-coloured garments, his hands resting on the wings of two Angels.
— Sahih Muslim Book 41, Hadith 7015 [5]
The Minaret
According to Ghulam Ahmad, this prophecy was fulfilled with his advent in Qadian, a town situated directly to the east of Damascus, and the significance of the minaret was symbolic. Reference to a white minaret, according to him, symbolised the far-reaching spread of the "light" of Islam, and also implied that with the coming of the Messiah, the truth of Islam was to tower up as it were like a minaret to a height of eminence which would establish its superiority over other religions, similar to how the sound of a call from atop an elevated platform such as a minaret prevails over other sounds. The prophecy was also stated to be pointing to an age of enlightenment, where distance would not keep things hidden from view and the numerous facilities for communication and transport would make the transmission of the message of Islam easier.[6] This was reflective of the physical purpose that minarets served in Islamic societies: the efficient communication of the call to prayer to a wider audience in the locality. In elaboration of this point Ghulam Ahmad wrote:
Just as you can see that the lamp placed on top of a minaret spreads its light far and wide, and just as lightning in one part of the sky also illuminates all other parts, so too will it be in these days...The true nature of the tower of the Messiah that is mentioned in the ahadith is that the Messiah’s invitation and message will spread on this earth very quickly just as light or sound from a tower reaches far.[7]
East of Damascus
With reference to the Messiah appearing to the east of Damascus – a commercial city within the Christian Byzantine Empire during Muhammad's time – In a tract published on 28 May 1900, Ghulam Ahmad linked Biblical prophecies concerning the return of Christ with those found in the Quran and Hadith, stating that they pointed in the same direction for a specific reason, particularly the one mentioned by Jesus in the 24th chapter of the Gospel of Matthew:[8]
For as the lightning cometh out of the east and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of Man be. For wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered together.
According to Ghulam Ahmad, specific mention in the hadith of the east of Damascus with reference to the promised Messiah, carried a deeply religious significance since it was in Damascus that Paul of Tarsus laid the foundation of the doctrine of Trinity and divinity of Jesus and therefore the seed for the corruption of Christian beliefs, according to him, was first sown in Damascus. From there this erroneous idea had spread to other countries with Paul’s preaching, particularly towards the West. It was therefore fitting that the Messiah appear from the East and, like the sun, illumine through his teachings even the West where the Christian faith would at the time be ascendant.[9] In the same tract, he wrote:
Now our adversaries, though they repeatedly read this hadith of Damascus, yet they are unable to answer as to what the message contained in that which has been stated in it is – namely that the promised Messiah will descend near the minaret that is to the east of Damascus. Rather they have considered this hadith like a mere story, but let it be remembered that this is no story and that God is pure from useless actions…This passage did not mean that the minaret is a part of Damascus and is situated in Damascus as has unfortunately been understood. Rather, it meant that the light of [the teachings of] the promised Messiah will rise, like the sun, from a direction to the east of Damascus and dispel the Western darkness. And this was a subtle indication for the minaret of the Messiah, near which he is to descend, had been declared as being to the east of Damascus and the Damascene Trinity was kept to its western side. And thus was it foretold about the age to come, that when the promised Messiah comes, he will make his appearance like the sun which comes out of the east, and as opposed to him, the lifeless lamp of Trinity that is situated towards the west, will fade away day by day.
— Majmooa Ishtiharat, [10]
History and purpose
Although Ghulam Ahmad interpreted the prophecy symbolically, with the publication of the announcement in 1900, he sought to construct a physical structure representing the fulfilment of the prophecy and solicited donations for the building of the minaret laying its foundation on 13 March 1903. The minaret, according to him, was to be a physical representation of the fulfilment of the prophecy and a monument signifying the advent of the Promised Messiah with a light and a clock fixed on its top symbolising the light of Islamic teachings spreading far and wide and "so that Man will recognize his time", and a Muezzin to give the call to prayer five times a day symbolising an invitation to Islam. Though the foundation stone for the minaret was laid in 1903, construction subsequently stopped due to a lack of funds. Work continued under Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud the second Khalifa in 1914, reaching completion in 1916. Bright lights were fixed at the top of the minaret. These lights were not fixed so as to brighten the minaret itself but were instead pointing away from the minaret thereby representing its Lighthouse status.[11] The clock was not fixed until 1933 and in the late 1930s it was coated with plaster of white marble. In 1980, it was veneered with white marble slabs.[12]
External links
References
- Majmooa Ishtiharat, Vol 3, pp. 294, 295
- Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: history, belief, practice. Columbia University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
- Minara-tul-Masih
- Roose, Eric (2009). The Architectural Representation of Islam: Muslim-commissioned Mosque Design in the Netherlands. Amsterdam University Press. p. 46. ISBN 9789089641335.
- Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 41: Kitab al-Fitan wa Ashart as-Sa’ah (Book Pertaining to the Turmoil and Portents of the Last Hour)
- Roose, Eric (2009). The Architectural Representation of Islam: Muslim-commissioned Mosque Design in the Netherlands. Amsterdam University Press. p. 45. ISBN 9789089641335.
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. The British Government and Jihad (PDF). Islam International Publications. p. 18. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- Majmooa Ishtiharat, Vol 3, p. 285
- A. R. Dard. Life of Ahmad, Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement (PDF). Islam International Publications. p. 772. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- Majmooa Ishtiharat, Vol 3, pp. 290-94
- Roose, Eric (2009). The Architectural Representation of Islam: Muslim-commissioned Mosque Design in the Netherlands. Amsterdam University Press. p. 46. ISBN 9789089641335.
- Minara-tul-Masih
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