Ratko Perić

Ratko Perić was born in the village of Tuk, in the municipality of Rovišće, near Bjelovar in present-day Croatia, where his parents, Grgo and Anica née Raguž,[1] moved from Rotimlja near Stolac.[2] He was baptised on 5 February 1944 in the Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Rovišće.[1] The family moved back to Rotimlja in 1946.[2] There, Perić enrolled at the elementary school in 1951.[3] He received his confirmation in Prenj, Stolac on 23 July 1953 by Andrija Majić, the bishop's delegate.[1] Perić continued his education at the elementary school in Crnići near Čapljina from 1955 until 1959. He graduated from the Zagreb seminary high school. After finishing high school, Perić enrolled at the Catholic Faculty of Theology, University of Zagreb, where he studied philosophy from 1963 until 1965. After that, he enrolled at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome, Italy, where he studied theology from 1965 until 1969. He received a licentiate in theology at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome with the thesis "The Role of Cardinal Stepinac in Relations Between the Church and the State"[3] in June 1969.[1]

Perić became a deacon in Rome on 13 April 1969.[1] He was ordained a presbyter on 29 June 1969 by Bishop Petar Čule in Prisoje, Duvno.[3] Perić continued his education at the Pontifical Urban University and gained a PhD on 10 December 1971 with the thesis "Meaning of Evangelisation in the Perspective of Anonymous Christianity"[1] under the mentorship of Carlo Molari.[4] He returned to Herzegovina, where he was a parish priest in Trebinje between 1971 and 1974. Simultaneously, he taught general history and the Greek language at the Humanist Gymnasium "Ruđer Bošković" in Dubrovnik from 1972 until 1974. After that, he lectured in ecumenical theology at the Vrhbosna Theology Seminary in Sarajevo from 1974 until 2004 (with breaks). On 7 December 1979, Perić was named rector of the Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome in Rome.[1] He later lectured on ecumenical theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome from 1989 until 1992, and also on eastern theology at the Faculty of Catholic Theology in Zagreb from 1991 until 1992.[1]

In June 1975, in order to settle jurisdictional disputes between the Franciscan Province of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Diocese, Pope Paul VI issued a decree, Romanis Pontificibus, specifying which parishes the friars could retain and which were to be turned over to be administered by diocesan clergy. By 1980 the friars had still not relinquished ten named parishes. As coadjutor, Perić assisted Bishop Žanić in attempting to implement the decree. The parties were still working on the full implementation as late as December 1998, when a joint statement was issued by the Most Revd. Archbishop Marcello Zago, OMI, Secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Franciscan Minister General, Brother Giacomo Bini, and Bishop Perić, which read in part, "The Holy See and the Order intend to keep informed regarding the progress of the transfer. Any friars who disobey should know that they incur the penalties envisaged in the laws of the Church and of the Order."[9]

On 2 April 1995, Bishop Perić, along with his secretary, was abducted by an angry mob and held in a car in front of a Franciscan monastery for eight hours.[10] The abduction was retaliation for Perić's intention to replace the Franciscans with diocesan priests in several parishes[10] as well because of his criticism of the unconfirmed apparitions of Mary, mother of Jesus in Medjugorje.[11] He was released only after the intervention from the Mayor of Mostar and UNPROFOR.[11]

In 1996, Perić ordered the Franciscans in Čapljina to give the parish to the diocesan priests, and the Pope sent an envoy to convince them to do so. The friars refused to do so and the parishioners barricaded the church doors.[12] Provincial of the Franciscan Province of Herzegovina Tomislav Pervan convinced the congregation to stop protesting and remove the barricade.[13]

Perić suspended nine friars who refused to sign the Declaration, and acted in disobedience. They were also expelled from Franciscan Order.[14] In 2004 he forbade 24 friars to conduct pastoral duties[15] for their refusal to sign the Declaration.[14]

In 2003, Pope John Paul II asked the members of the General Chapter of the Franciscan Order to carry into effect the decision of his predecessor, Pope Paul VI, going back to 1975.

Perić has the same stance towards the alleged Marian apparitions of Medjugorje as his predecessor Pavao Žanić. He considers the alleged apparitions to be false and referred to them as "religious show" and "spectaculum mundo".[16] Perić wrote a personal letter declaring his position that nothing supernatural was occurring in Medjugorje (the third designation). In order not to mislead the faithful into believing that his statement was an official Church position, Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone, the Secretary to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith that was presided over at the time by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, wrote in a letter to the bishop of Saint-Denis-de-La Réunion that "what Bishop Perić said in his letter … is and remains his personal opinion."[17]

On February 27, 2017 Peric issued a statement saying: "Considering everything that this diocesan chancery has so far researched and studied, including the first seven days of alleged apparitions, we can say: there have been no apparitions of Our Lady in Medjugorje."[18]

• Belaj, Marijana (2012). Milijuni na putu: Antropologija hodočašća i sveto tlo Međugorja (in Croatian). Zagreb: Jasenski i Turk. ISBN 9789532225884.
• Perica, Vjekoslav (2002). Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195174298.
• Zovkić, Mato (1986). Katolička crkva u Bosni i Hercegovini u XIX i XX stoljeću: povijesno-teološki simpozij prigodom stogodišnjice ponovne uspostave redovite hijerarhije u Bosni i Hercegovini - Sarajevo 1. i 2. srpnja 1982 (in Croatian). Sarajevo: Vrhobosanska visoka teološka škola.

• Hasandedić, Hivzija (1996). "Spomenici islamske kulture u Stocu" [The monuments of the Islamic culture in Stolac]. Slovo Gorčina (in Bosnian). Mostar-Stolac: 13–18.
• Nikolić, Vinko, ed. (1980). "Perić, dr. Ratko - novi rektor Zavoda sv. Jeronima". Hrvatska revija (in Croatian). Buenos Aires: Dorrego. 30: 118–254.