Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg

The Reichsgau Tyrol-Vorarlberg (German: Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany consisting of Vorarlberg and North Tyrol (both in Austria). It existed from 1938 to 1945. It did not include East Tyrol (Lienz), which was instead part of Reichsgau Carinthia.

Reichsgau Tyrol-Vorarlberg
Reichsgau of Nazi Germany
1938–1945
Flag
Coat of arms

Map of Nazi Germany showing its administrative
subdivisions (Gaue and Reichsgaue)
CapitalInnsbruck
Population 
• 1939
330,892
Government
Gauleiter 
• 1938–1945
Franz Hofer
History 
• Anschluss
12 March 1938
8 May 1945
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Tyrol
Vorarlberg
Tyrol
Vorarlberg
Today part of Austria

After the Italian Armistice with the Allies the Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino were placed under direct German control as the Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills (Operationszone Alpenvorland, OZAV), which was de facto annexed and administered as part of Tyrol-Vorarlberg.[1]

History

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.[2] On 12 March 1938 Nazi Germany annexed Austria and on 24 May the Austrian provinces were reorganized and replaced by seven Nazi party Gaue.[3] Under the Ostmarkgesetz law of 14 April 1939 with effect of 1 May, the Austrian Gaue were raised to the status of Reichsgaue and their Gauleiters were subsequently also named Reichsstatthalters.[2][4]

At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War. Local Gauleiters were in charge of propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onwards, the Volkssturm and the defence of the Gau.[5]

The position of Gauleiter in Tyrol-Vorarlberg was held by Franz Hofer throughout the Reichsgau's history from 1938 to 1945.[6][7]

At the end of the Second World War, Tyrol-Vorarlberg became the French occupation zone in Austria.

References
  1. Michael Wedekind (2005). "The Sword of Science". In Ingo Haar; Michael Fahlbusch (eds.). German scholars and ethnic cleansing, 1919-1945. Berghahn Books. pp. 111–123. ISBN 9781571814357.
  2. "Die NS-Gaue" [The Nazi Gaue]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  3. "Administration of Austria," The Times (London) 25 May 1938, page 15.
  4. "Der "Anschluss" Österreichs 1938" [The annexation of Austria 1938]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  5. "The Organization of the Nazi Party & State". nizkor.org. The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  6. "Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945" [Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945]. zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  7. "Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg". verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2016.

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