Roosevelt elk

The Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti), also known commonly as the Olympic elk and Roosevelt's wapiti. It is the largest of the four surviving subspecies of elk (Cervus canadensis) in North America by body mass,[1] although by antler size, both the Boone and Crockett (rifle) and Pope and Young (bow) records have Rocky Mountain elk being larger. None of the top 10 Roosevelt elk would score in the top 20 of Pope and Young's Rocky Mountain elk.[2] In both subspecies, mature bulls weigh from 700–1200 lbs. with very rare large bulls weighing more.[3] Its geographic range includes temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest, extending to parts of northern California. It was introduced to Alaska's Afognak, Kodiak, and Raspberry Islands in 1928 [4][5][6] and reintroduced to British Columbia's Sunshine Coast from Vancouver Island in 1986.[7]

Roosevelt Elk
Male (bull) at Northwest Trek, Washington, US
Female at Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California, US
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae
Subfamily: Cervinae
Genus: Cervus
Species:
C. canadensis
Subspecies:
C. c. roosevelti
Trinomial name
Cervus canadensis roosevelti
Merriam, 1897

The desire to protect the Roosevelt elk was one of the primary forces behind the establishment of the Mount Olympus National Monument in 1909 by President Theodore Roosevelt. Later in 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt visited the region and saw the elk named after his relative.[8] The following year he created Olympic National Park.

Description

The Roosevelt elk grows to around 6–10 ft (1.8–3 m) in length and stands 2.5–5.6 ft (0.75–1.7 m)[9] tall at the withers.[6] Roosevelt elk bulls generally weigh between 700 and 1,100 lb (300–500 kg), while cows weigh 575–625 lb (260–285 kg).[1] Some mature bulls from Raspberry Island in Alaska have weighed nearly 1,300 lb (600 kg).[1]

Diet

From late spring to early fall, the Roosevelt elk feeds upon herbaceous plants, such as grasses and sedges.[6] During winter months, it feeds on woody plants, including highbush cranberry, elderberry, devil's club, and newly planted seedlings (Douglas-fir and western redcedar).[6] The Roosevelt elk is also known to eat blueberries, mushrooms, lichens, and salmonberries.[6]

Longevity

In the wild, the Roosevelt elk rarely lives beyond 12 to 15 years, but in captivity it has been known to live over 25 years.[6]

Reintroduction

This elk subspecies, Cervus canadensis roosevelti, was reintroduced to British Columbia's Sunshine Coast from Vancouver Island in 1986.[10]

See also

References
  1. Robb, Bob (January 2001). The Ultimate Guide to Elk Hunting. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-180-9.
  2. https://pope-young.tier32.com/
  3. Dr. Mike Jenkins, 2005
  4. http://coastalinletadventures.com/bc-roosevelt-elk-hunting-british-columbia-canada.htm
  5. Nancy Gates, ed. (November 2006). The Alaska Almanac: Facts about Alaska 30th Anniversary Edition. Alaska Northwest Books. ISBN 0-88240-652-3.
  6. Rennick, Penny (November 1996). Mammals of Alaska. Alaska Geographic Society. ISBN 1-56661-034-6.
  7. http://coastalinletadventures.com/bc-roosevelt-elk-hunting-british-columbia-canada.htm
  8. Houston, Douglas; Jenkins, Kurt. "Roosevelt Elk Ecology". Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  9. Arsenault, Anthony Alan (2008). "Saskatchewan Elk (Cervus elaphus) Management Plan - Update", p.2: "1.1.2 - Physical Description", Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 2008-03, Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, Fish, and Wildlife Branch
  10. http://coastalinletadventures.com/bc-roosevelt-elk-hunting-british-columbia-canada.htm

Further reading
  • Merriam CH (1897). "Cervus roosevelti, a New Elk from the Olympics". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 11: 271–275. (Cervus roosevelti, new species, "Roosevelt's Wapiti").



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