Royapettah

Royapettah is located at the central part of the city of Chennai, with an elevation of 9 m (29 ft.) above mean sea level.[2] The neighbourhood comes under Teynampet Zone (number 9) and ward number 118 (old number 112) of the Chennai Corporation.[3]

Royapettah, along with the suburbs of Nungambakkam and Teynampet, was part of the Great Choultry Plain, as the British had it in their records back in 1721.[4] Soon after the arrival of the British in the city in the early 17th century, a large Eurasian population started settling in Royapettah and surrounding regions in the 17th and 18th centuries.[5] Muslim settlements started appearing in the neighbourhood from the latter half of the 18th century.[6] In 1798, the British East India Company constructed the Amir Mahal to house its administrative offices.[7] When the Company annexed the Carnatic kingdom in 1855 with the Doctrine of Lapse, the Chepauk Palace, the official residence of the Nawabs, was auctioned off and purchased by the Madras government.[7] The Nawab moved to a building called Shadi Mahal on Triplicane High Road and lived there.[7] However, the British granted the Amir Mahal to the Prince of Arcot and the office building was soon converted into a palace by Robert Chrisholm.[8] In 1876, the Nawab moved in with his family into the Amir Mahal, which has since been the residence of the Nawabs of Arcot.[7]

The Purification Church was apparently the first church built in the neighbourhood around 1769. However, this was replaced in 1848 by the Presentation Church, also known as the Wallajahpet Church. Built on a 21-ground plot, this was granted by the Nawab in 1813.[9] The Subramania Swamy Temple located adjacent to the church was built around 1889 in the area now known as Zam Bazaar.[9] The Thousand Lights mosque was built in 1810. In 1819, the first Methodist chapel in India was opened in Royapettah by the Methodist missionary James Lynch who settled down in the neighbourhood a year before. The church grew into the Wesley Church, which was dedicated in 1853.[10]

In 1819, the Madras Eye Infirmary (MEI) as founded in the neighbourhood.[11][12] It remains the oldest specialist eye hospital in Asia and the second oldest in the world.[11] Modelled on Moorfield Eye Hospital in London, the hospital was moved to Egmore in 1884 and became the Government Ophthalmic Hospital in 1886.[11] The Government Royapettah Hospital was opened in 1911.[13] The first superintendent of the hospital was Col. C. Donovan.[14]

In 1858, Monahan Girls' School, one of the oldest Protestant schools, was opened in Royapettah.[10] In 1928, the neighbourhood had one of the earliest school for physical education in the Wesley School.[15] The Royapettah post office appeared in 1834 as a subsidiary of the General Post Office at George Town.[16] With the opening of the Woodlands Hotel in 1938 and the Modern Hindu Hotel on General Patter's Road, the neighbourhood became the home to the first Indian-style, vegetarian hotels in the city.[17]

In the 1930s, a clock tower was built in the neighbourhood. Gani and Sons, formerly known as the South India Watch Company, provided the clock instrument for the clock tower.[18]

As of Census of India 2011, the total population of Royapettah was 14,912, including 7,444 males and 7,468 females.[19]

Located centrally within the city, Royapettah is well connected to other neighbourhoods of Chennai, with several bus routes passing through it. Whites road, Avvai Shanmugam Salai and Royapettah High Road are the primary streets in the neighbourhood. The city's arterial Anna Salai tangentially touches the western periphery of the neighbourhood. Royapettah has a flyover on Royapettah High Road. There are plans to build a 5-kl/day sewage treatment plant along the pliers of the flyover and is under construction.[20]

Royapettah is served by the LIC and Thousand Lights metro stations on the Blue Line of the Chennai Metro, which runs along the western periphery of the neighbourhood.

Thousand Lights mosque

Temples in Royapettah include the Subramania Swamy Temple, the Shri Srinivasa Perumal temple, and the Sidhi Budhi Vinayagar and Sundareswarar Temple. The penta-domed and bi-minaret Thousand Lights Mosque, designed by Nawab Umdat ul umrah, is the most famous mosque in the neighbourhood. It was built in 1810. The Wesley church located near the Clock Tower is one of the oldest churches in the neighbourhood. Wallajahpet Church is another old church in the neighbourhood.

The Government Royapettah Hospital, which serves as the chief healthcare institution in the neighbourhood, is the city's largest peripheral hospital[21] and its limit extends up to Chengalpattu.[22] Second in the government sector next only to the Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, the Royapettah Government Hospital has a full-fledged emergency department, including triage area, resuscitation bay and colour-coded zones, per the Tamil Nadu Accident and Emergency Care Initiative (TAEI) guidelines.[23]

Located close to the central business district, Royapettah has several commercial establishments. The Express Avenue Mall is one of the major commercial buildings in the neighbourhood.

The New College, one of the chief colleges in the city, is located in the neighbourhood.

Royapettah comes under Thousand Lights state assembly constituency and Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency).[24] The suburb also hosts the headquarters of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.

• Neighbourhoods of Chennai

• Media related to Royapettah at Wikimedia Commons