SETDB1

Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SETDB1 gene.[5][6] SETDB1 is also known as KMT1E or H3K9 methyltransferase ESET.

SETDB1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSETDB1, ESET, H3-K9-HMTase4, KG1T, KMT1E, TDRD21, SET domain bifurcated 1, SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1
External IDsOMIM: 604396 MGI: 1934229 HomoloGene: 32157 GeneCards: SETDB1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 1 (human)[1]
Band1q21.3Start150,926,263 bp[1]
End150,964,744 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

9869

84505

Ensembl

ENSG00000143379

ENSMUSG00000015697

UniProt

Q15047

O88974

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001145415
NM_001243491
NM_012432
NM_001366417
NM_001366418

NM_001163641
NM_001163642
NM_018877

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001138887
NP_001230420
NP_036564
NP_001353346
NP_001353347

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 150.93 – 150.96 MbChr 3: 95.32 – 95.36 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

The SET domain is a highly conserved, approximately 150-amino acid motif implicated in the modulation of chromatin structure. It was originally identified as part of a larger conserved region present in the Drosophila Trithorax protein and was subsequently identified in the Drosophila Su(var)3-9 and 'Enhancer of zeste' proteins, from which the acronym SET is derived. Studies have suggested that the SET domain may be a signature of proteins that modulate transcriptionally active or repressed chromatin states through chromatin remodeling activities.[6]

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of SETDB1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Setdb1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi[12][13] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.[14][15][16]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[10][17] Twenty seven tests were carried out on mutant mice and four significant abnormalities were observed.[10] No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice and two significant abnormalities were observed. Females had abnormal peripheral blood lymphocytes data and both sexes displayed increased bone strength and mineral content.[10]

Zebrafish are an important model organism to study developmental biology and have been used to study cancer genetics. A screen to identify new oncogenes in melanoma performed in zebrafish identified SETDB1 as an oncogene that cooperates with another cancer gene, BRAF, to accelerate melanoma onset.[18] Subsequent reports have linked SETDB1 to hepatocellular carcinoma [19]

Interactions

SETDB1 has been shown to interact with TRIM28.[20]>

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143379 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000015697 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Harte PJ, Wu W, Carrasquillo MM, Matera AG (June 1999). "Assignment of a novel bifurcated SET domain gene, SETDB1, to human chromosome band 1q21 by in situ hybridization and radiation hybrids". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 84 (1–2): 83–6. doi:10.1159/000015220. PMID 10343109.
  6. "Entrez Gene: SETDB1 SET domain, bifurcated 1".
  7. "Peripheral blood lymphocytes data for Setdb1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  8. "Salmonella infection data for Setdb1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  9. "Citrobacter infection data for Setdb1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  10. Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
  11. Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  12. "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
  13. "Mouse Genome Informatics".
  14. Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  15. Dolgin E (2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  16. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
  17. van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biol. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.
  18. Ceol CJ, Houvras Y, Jane-Valbuena J, Bilodeau S, Orlando DA, Battisti V, Fritsch L, Lin WM, Hollmann TJ, Ferré F, Bourque C, Burke CJ, Turner L, Uong A, Johnson LA, Beroukhim R, Mermel CH, Loda M, Ait-Si-Ali S, Garraway LA, Young RA, Zon LI (March 2011). "The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is recurrently amplified in melanoma and accelerates its onset". Nature. 471 (7339): 513–7. doi:10.1038/nature09806. PMC 3348545. PMID 21430779.
  19. Fei Q, Shang K, Zhang J, Chuai S, Kong D, Zhou T, Fu S, Liang Y, Li C, Chen Z, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Huang Z, Hu M, Ying H, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xing F, Zhu J, Xu H, Zhao K, Lu C, Atadja P, Xiao ZX, Li E, Shou J (October 2015). "Histone methyltransferase SETDB1 regulates liver cancer cell growth through methylation of p53". Nat Commun. 6: 8651. doi:10.1038/ncomms9651. PMC 5426523. PMID 26471002.
  20. Schultz DC, Ayyanathan K, Negorev D, Maul GG, Rauscher FJ (April 2002). "SETDB1: a novel KAP-1-associated histone H3, lysine 9-specific methyltransferase that contributes to HP1-mediated silencing of euchromatic genes by KRAB zinc-finger proteins". Genes Dev. 16 (8): 919–32. doi:10.1101/gad.973302. PMC 152359. PMID 11959841.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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