Sanguisorba officinalis

Sanguisorba officinalis, commonly known as great burnet, is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America.

Great burnet
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Sanguisorba
Species:
S. officinalis
Binomial name
Sanguisorba officinalis

It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 m tall, which occurs in grasslands, growing well on grassy banks. It flowers June or July.[1]

Sanguisorba officinalis is an important food plant for the European large blue butterflies Phengaris nausithous and P. teleius.[2]

Commercial uses
The dry fruits of Sanguisorba. These contain the achenes which contain the seeds.

Use is made of its extensive root system for erosion control, as well as a bioremediator, used to reclaim derelict sites such as landfills.

Ethnomedical uses

It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) where it is known by the name Di Yu. It is said to cool the blood, stop bleeding, clear heat, and heal wounds (Chinese Herbal Materia Medica by Dan Bensky).

Specifically, the root is used to stop bloody dysentery, nosebleeds, and is applied topically to treat burns and insect bites.

Phytochemistry

Sanguiin H-6 is a dimeric ellagitannin that can be found in S. officinalis.[3]

Ziyuglycoside II is a triterpenoid saponin that can be found in S. officinalis.[4]

References
  1. Plants for a Future: Sanguisorba officinalis
  2. World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. Maculinea nausithous. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 6 October 2010
  3. Bastow KF, Bori ID, Fukushima Y, Kashiwada Y, Tanaka T, Nonaka G, Nishioka I, Lee KH (June 1993). "Inhibition of DNA topoisomerases by sanguiin H-6, a cytotoxic dimeric ellagitannin from Sanguisorba officinalis". Planta Med. 59 (3): 240–5. doi:10.1055/s-2006-959659. PMID 8391144.
  4. Zhu X, Wang K, Zhang K, Zhu L, Zhou F (May 2014). "Ziyuglycoside II induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of ROS/JNK pathway in human breast cancer cells". Toxicol. Lett. 227 (1): 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.015. PMID 24680927.
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