Scytonema

Scytonema is a genus of photosynthetic cyanobacteria that contains over 100 species. It grows in filaments that form dark mats. Many species are aquatic and are either free-floating or grow attached to a submerged substrate, while others species grow on terrestrial rocks, wood, soil, or plants. Scytonema is a nitrogen fixer, and can provide fixed nitrogen to the leaves of plants on which it is growing.[1] Some species of Scytonema form a symbiotic relationship with fungi to produce a lichen.

Scyptolin A

Scytonema
Heterocyst of Scytonema crispum
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Cyanobacteria
Class: Cyanophyceae
Order: Nostocales
Family: Scytonemataceae
Genus: Scytonema
C.Agardh ex É.Bornet & C.Flahault, 1886
Type species
Scytonema hofmanii
Species

See text.

Scyptolins are a type of elastase inhibitors isolated from some species of Scytonema.[2]

Species

Scytonema includes the following subtaxa:[3]

  • Scytonema amplum West & G.S.West
  • Scytonema andradeana P.González
  • Scytonema arcangelii Bornet & Flahault
    • Scytonema arcangelii f. minus Frémy
  • Scytonema austinii H.C.Wood
  • Scytonema azureum Tilden
  • Scytonema badium Wolle
  • Scytonema belizensis Komarék et al.
  • Scytonema bewsii F.E.Fritsch & F.Rich
  • Scytonema bilaspurense Singh
  • Scytonema bivaginata H.Welsh
  • Scytonema bohneri Schmidle
  • Scytonema bruneum Schmidle
  • Scytonema burmanicum Skuja
  • Scytonema calcicola Kufferath
  • Scytonema caldarium Setchell
    • Scytonema caldarium var. terrestre Copeland
  • Scytonema calothrichoides Kützing
  • Scytonema capitatum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema carolinianum Philson
  • Scytonema catenatum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema catenulum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema chengii Wang 1934
    • Scytonema chiastum f. minor Parukutty
  • Scytonema chiastum Geitler
  • Scytonema chorae C.L.Sant'Anna & J.Komárek
  • Scytonema cineraceum C.L.Zhou & H.X.Xiao
  • Scytonema claviformis Y.Li
  • Scytonema coactile Montagne ex Bornet & Flahault
    • Scytonema coactile var. brasilense Nordstedt
    • Scytonema coactile var. minus Wille
    • Scytonema coactile var. thermalis Geitler
  • Scytonema conardii Kufferath
  • Scytonema conchophilum Humphrey
  • Scytonema concinnum Y.M.Lin & H.X.Xiao
  • Scytonema consociatum C.-C.Jao
  • Scytonema contortum M.Watanabe & Komárek
  • Scytonema cookei West
  • Scytonema costaricensis Kufferath
    • Scytonema crassum var. indicum S.Silva
  • Scytonema crispum Bornet ex De Toni
    • Scytonema crispum subsp. minu L.C.Li
    • Scytonema crispum var. aethiopicum West & G.S.West
    • Scytonema crustaceum var. incrustans Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema cuatrecasasii P.González
  • Scytonema dilatatum Bharadwaja
    • Scytonema dilatatum f. major Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema drilosiphon Elenkin & V.I.Polyansky
  • Scytonema dubium De Wildeman
  • Scytonema echeverriae Kufferath
  • Scytonema endolithicum Ercegovic
  • Scytonema evanescens N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema fertilia M.Watanabe & Komárek
  • Scytonema figuratum C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema flavoviride Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema flexuosum Meneghini ex Kützing
  • Scytonema foliicola De Wildeman
  • Scytonema fremyi Desikachary
  • Scytonema fritschii S.L.Ghose
  • Scytonema furcatum Meneghini ex Trevisan
  • Scytonema geitleri Bharadwaja
    • Scytonema geitleri var. tenuis Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema gomontii Gutwinski
  • Scytonema granulatum G.Martens
  • Scytonema guyanense Bornet & Flahault
    • Scytonema guyanense var. minus N.L.Gardner
    • Scytonema guyanense var. prolifera Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema hamelinii Gebelein
  • Scytonema hansgirgii Schmidle
  • Scytonema hieronymi Schmidle
  • Scytonema hofmanii C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault
    • Scytonema hofmanii f. phormidioides Frémy
    • Scytonema hofmanii var. calcicola Hansgirg
    • Scytonema hofmanii var. crassum Bharadwaja
    • Scytonema hofmanii var. symplocoides Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema holstii Hieronymous
  • Scytonema hormocystum Zhu, 1987
  • Scytonema hyalinum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema immersum H.C.Wood
  • Scytonema inaequale Kufferath
  • Scytonema incrassatum C.-C.Jao
  • Scytonema induratum J.J.Copeland
  • Scytonema insigne West & G.S.West
  • Scytonema insulare C.L.Sant'Anna
  • Scytonema intermedium De Wildeman
  • Scytonema intertextum Rabenhorst
    • Scytonema involvens var. elongatum Bourrelly
  • Scytonema iyengarii Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema javanicum Bornet ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema julianum Meneghini ex B.A.Whitton
  • Scytonema junipericola Farlow
  • Scytonema keiense Weber-van Bosse
  • Scytonema kwangsiense C.-C.Jao
  • Scytonema leprieurii Montagne ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema leptobasis Ghose
  • Scytonema longiarticulatum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema lyngbyoides N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema maculiforme Schmidle
  • Scytonema magnum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema malaviyanense Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema masonianum H.Welsh
  • Scytonema millei Bornet ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema minus (Schmidle) Lemmermann
    • Scytonema minus var. istvanffianum Kol
  • Scytonema mirabile Bornet
    • Scytonema mirabile f. minus Bharadwaja
    • Scytonema mirabile f. zonatum Geitler
    • Scytonema mirabile var. majus N.L.Gardner
    • Scytonema mirabile var. rhaeticum Brügge
  • Scytonema multiramosum N.L.Gardner
    • Scytonema multiramosum var. ceylonicum Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema myochrous C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema obscurum Hansgirg ex Hirn
    • Scytonema obscurum var. terrestre Hansgirg
  • Scytonema occidentale Setchell
  • Scytonema ocellatum Lyngbye ex Bornet & Flahault
    • Scytonema ocellatum var. capitatum Ghose
    • Scytonema ocellatum var. constrictum N.L.Gardner
    • Scytonema ocellatum var. maius N.L.Gardner
    • Scytonema ocellatum var. purpureum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema olivaceum Zeller
  • Scytonema orientale C.-C.Jao
  • Scytonema papillicapitatum C.L.Sant'Anna & J.Komárek
  • Scytonema papuasicum Borzì
  • Scytonema parlatorii Fiorini-Mazzanti ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema parvulum Zeller
  • Scytonema pascheri Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema pellucidum C.Cramer
  • Scytonema planum Copeland
  • Scytonema polycystum Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema polymorphum Jaag
  • Scytonema praegnans Skuja
  • Scytonema pratii Komárek
  • Scytonema pseudoguyanense Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema pseudohofmanii Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema pseudopunctatum Skuja
  • Scytonema pulchellum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema pulvinatum Nordstedt
  • Scytonema punctatum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema racovitzae De Wildeman
  • Scytonema rhizophorae Zeller
  • Scytonema rivulare Borzì ex Bornet & Flahault
    • Scytonema saleyeriense var. indica Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema saleyeriense Weber-van Bosse
  • Scytonema samoense Wille
  • Scytonema sanpaulense Sant'Anna
  • Scytonema santannae Hentschke & J.Komárek
  • Scytonema schmidlei J.B.De Toni
  • Scytonema schmidtii Gomont
  • Scytonema seagriefianum Welsh
  • Scytonema siculum Borzì ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema simmeri Schmidle
  • Scytonema simplex Bharadwaja
    • Scytonema simplex f. majus Vasishta
  • Scytonema simplice Wood
  • Scytonema sinense C.-C.Jao
  • Scytonema singhii Singh
  • Scytonema spirulinoides N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema splendens F.E.Fritsch & F.Rich
  • Scytonema stuposum Bornet ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema stygium Heufler
  • Scytonema subclavatum Zeller
  • Scytonema subcoactile C.-C.Jao
    • Scytonema subcoactile var. aurantiacum Sarthou, Thérézien & Couté
  • Scytonema subgelatinosum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema subtile K.Möbius
  • Scytonema tenellum N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema tenue N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema thermale Friedrich Traugott KützingKützing
  • Scytonema tolypothrichoides Friedrich Traugott KützingKützing ex Bornet & Flahault
    • Scytonema tolypotrichoides f. terrestris Bharadwaja
  • Scytonema tomentosum Kützing
  • Scytonema torulosum C.-C.Jao
    • Scytonema turicense var. muscicola Hepp
  • Scytonema twymanianum Welsh
  • Scytonema variabile N.L.Gardner
  • Scytonema varium Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault
  • Scytonema vieillardii G.Martens
  • Scytonema violascens Zeller
  • Scytonema wolleanum Forti
  • Scytonema zellerianum Brühl & Biswas

References

  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-06-19. Retrieved 2010-03-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Matern, Ute; Schleberger, Christian; Jelakovic, Stjepan; Weckesser, Jürgen; Schulz, Georg E. (Oct 2003). "Binding structure of elastase inhibitor scyptolin A". Chemistry & Biology. 10 (10): 997–1001. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2003.10.001. ISSN 1074-5521. PMID 14583266.
  3. M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2018. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=Rc504974e8d4a0331 ; searched on 17 August 2018.


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