Shafi Goldwasser

Shafrira Goldwasser (Hebrew: שפרירה גולדווסר‎; born 1959) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and winner of the Turing Award in 2012. She is the RSA Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT,[5] a professor of mathematical sciences at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, co-founder and chief scientist of Duality Technologies[6] and the director of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing in Berkeley, CA.[7][8][9][10] She was on the Mathematical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2020.[11]

Shafi Goldwasser
Shafi Goldwasser in 2010
Born
Hebrew: שפרירה גולדווסר‎
English: Shafrira Goldwasser

1959 (age 61–62)
New York City, New York, U.S.
NationalityIsraeli American
Alma mater
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsComputer science, cryptography
Institutions
ThesisProbabilistic Encryption: Theory and Applications (1984)
Doctoral advisorManuel Blum[4]
Doctoral students
Websitepeople.csail.mit.edu/shafi

Education and early life

Born in New York City, Goldwasser obtained her Bachelor of Science degree in 1979 in mathematics and science from Carnegie Mellon University. For her postgraduate study, she did a Master of Science degree in 1981 followed by a PhD (1984) in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley supervised by Manuel Blum. [4]

Career and research

Goldwasser joined MIT in 1983, and in 1997 became the first holder of the RSA Professorship. She became a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, concurrent to her professorship at MIT, in 1993. She is a member of the theory of computation group at MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.[12] Goldwasser was a co-recipient of the 2012 Turing Award.[13] On January 1, 2018, Goldwasser became the director of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing at the University of California, Berkeley.[14]

Since November 2016, Goldwasser is chief scientist and co-Founder of Duality Technologies, a US-based start-up which offers secure data analytics using advanced cryptographic techniques.[15] She is also a scientific advisor for several technology startups in the security area, including QED-it, specializing in the Zero Knowledge Blockchain, and Algorand, a pure proof-of-stake blockchain.[16]

Goldwasser's research areas include computational complexity theory, cryptography and computational number theory. She is the co-inventor of probabilistic encryption,[17] which set up and achieved the gold standard for security for data encryption. She is the co-inventor of zero-knowledge proofs, which probabilistically and interactively demonstrate the validity of an assertion without conveying any additional knowledge, and are a key tool in the design of cryptographic protocols. Her work in complexity theory includes the classification of approximation problems, showing that some problems in NP remain hard even when only an approximate solution is needed,[18] and pioneering methods for delegating computations to untrusted servers.[19] Her work in number theory includes the invention with Joe Kilian of primality proving using elliptic curves.[20]

Awards and honors

Goldwasser was awarded the 2012 Turing Award along with Silvio Micali for their work in the field of cryptography.[21] Goldwasser has twice won the Gödel Prize in theoretical computer science: first in 1993 (for "The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems"),[22] and again in 2001 (for Interactive Proofs and the Hardness of Approximating Cliques).[23] Other awards include the ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award (1996) for outstanding young computer professional of the year and the RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics (1998) for outstanding mathematical contributions to cryptography. In 2001 she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2002 she gave a plenary lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing.[24] In 2004 she was elected to the National Academy of Science, and in 2005 to the National Academy of Engineering. She was selected as an IACR Fellow in 2007. Goldwasser received the 2008-2009 Athena Lecturer Award of the Association for Computing Machinery's Committee on Women in Computing.[25] She is the recipient of The Franklin Institute's 2010 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science.[26] She received the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award in 2011. She received the 2018 Frontier of Knowledge award together with Micali, Rivest and Shamir.[27] She was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2017.[28] In July 2017, she was a plenary lecturer in the Mathematical Congress of the Americas.[29] In 2018, she was awarded an honorary degree by her alma mater, Carnegie Mellon University.[30] On 26 June 2019 Goldwasser was awarded an honorary doctorate of science by the University of Oxford.[31]

Goldwasser is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards.[32] She won the Suffrage Science award in 2016.[3]

References
  1. Goldwasser, S.; Micali, S.; Rivest, R. L. (1988). "A Digital Signature Scheme Secure Against Adaptive Chosen-Message Attacks". SIAM Journal on Computing. 17 (2): 281. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.309.8700. doi:10.1137/0217017.
  2. Savage, N. (2013). "Proofs probable: Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali laid the foundations for modern cryptography, with contributions including interactive and zero-knowledge proofs". Communications of the ACM. 56 (6): 22. doi:10.1145/2461256.2461265. S2CID 26769891.
  3. "Suffrage Science Maths and Computing 2016". issuu.com.
  4. Shafi Goldwasser at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  5. "Shafi Goldwasser | MIT CSAIL". www.csail.mit.edu. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
  6. "About - Duality Technologies". Duality Technologies. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  7. Hirsch, Deborah (December 16, 2012). "Jewish 6-year-old Youngest of Newtown Shooting Victims". Archived from the original on September 27, 2010.
  8. Shafi Goldwasser author profile page at the ACM Digital Library
  9. Shafi Goldwasser's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  10. Goldwasser, S.; Micali, S. (1984). "Probabilistic encryption". Journal of Computer and System Sciences. 28 (2): 270. doi:10.1016/0022-0000(84)90070-9.
  11. "Infosys Prize - Jury 2020". www.infosys-science-foundation.com. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  12. Shafi Goldwasser Biography. www.BookRags.com.
  13. AbAbazorius, CSAIL (March 13, 2013). "Goldwasser and Micali win Turing Award". MIT News.
  14. "Shafi Goldwasser appointed director of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing". News.berkeley.edu. October 10, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  15. "About - Duality Technologies". Duality Technologies. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  16. "Team". www.algorand.com.
  17. "Probabilistic Encryption" (PDF). Groups.csail.mit.edu. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  18. "Interactive Proofs and the Hardness of Approximating Cliques" (PDF). Groups.csail.mit.edu. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  19. Goldwasser, Shafi; Kalai, Yael Tauman; Rothblum, Guy (January 1, 2008). "Delegating computation: interactive proofs for muggles". Microsoft Research. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  20. Goldwasser, Shafi; Kilian, Joe (July 1999). "Primality testing using elliptic curves". Journal of the ACM. 46 (4): 450–472. doi:10.1145/320211.320213. S2CID 12453179.
  21. "Goldwasser, Micali Receive ACM Turing Award for Advances in Cryptography". ACM. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  22. Goldwasser, S.; Micali, S.; Rackoff, C. (1985). "The knowledge complexity of interactive proof-systems". Proceedings of the seventeenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing - STOC '85. p. 291. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.4002. doi:10.1145/22145.22178. ISBN 978-0897911511. S2CID 8689051.
  23. Feige, U.; Goldwasser, S.; Lovász, L.; Safra, S.; Szegedy, M. (1996). "Interactive proofs and the hardness of approximating cliques". Journal of the ACM. 43 (2): 268–292. doi:10.1145/226643.226652.
  24. "Plenary Speakers". www.mathunion.org.
  25. "Home". weizmann.ac.il.
  26. News Office (October 21, 2009). "Goldwasser, Stubbe named Franklin Institute laureates". MIT News.
  27. "homepage - Premios Fronteras". Premios Fronteras. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  28. ACM Recognizes 2017 Fellows for Making Transformative Contributions and Advancing Technology in the Digital Age, Association for Computing Machinery, December 11, 2017, retrieved November 13, 2017
  29. "Home | Mathematical Congress of the Americas 2017". mca2017.org.
  30. University, Carnegie Mellon. "Commencement Speakers and Honorary Degree Recipients - Leadership - Carnegie Mellon University". www.cmu.edu. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  31. "Honorary degree recipients for 2019 announced". The University of Oxford. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  32. "Notable Women in Computing".
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