Steve Wozniak

Stephen Gary Wozniak (/ˈwɒzniæk/; born August 11, 1950),[1](p18)[7][8][9](p27) also known by his nickname "Woz", is an American electronics engineer, programmer, philanthropist, and technology entrepreneur. In 1976, he co-founded Apple Inc. with business partner Steve Jobs, which later became the world's largest information technology company by revenue and the largest company in the world by market capitalization. Through their work at Apple in the 1970s and 1980s, he and Jobs are widely recognized as two prominent pioneers of the personal computer revolution.

Not to be confused with Steven Woznick.

Steve Wozniak
Wozniak in 2017
Born
Stephen Gary Wozniak[1](p18)

(1950-08-11) August 11, 1950
San Jose, California, U.S.
Other names
  • Woz
  • Berkeley Blue (hacking alias)[2]
  • Rocky Clark (student alias)[3]
EducationBS in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, 1987[4][5]
Alma mater
Occupation
Known for
Net worthc. US$100 million (April 2017)[6]
Spouse(s)
    Alice Robertson
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1976⁠–⁠1980)​
      ​
      (m. 1981⁠–⁠1987)​
        Suzanne Mulkern
        ​
        ​
        (m. 1990⁠–⁠2004)​
          Janet Hill
          ​
          (m. 2008)​
          Partner(s)Kathy Griffin (2007⁠–2008)
          Children3
          Call signex-WA6BND (ex-WV6VLY)
          Websitewww.woz.org

          In 1975, Wozniak started developing the Apple I[1](p150) into the computer that launched Apple when he and Jobs first began marketing it the following year. He primarily designed the Apple II, introduced in 1977, known as one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputers,[10] while Jobs oversaw the development of its foam-molded plastic case and early Apple employee Rod Holt developed the switching power supply.[11] With software engineer Jef Raskin, Wozniak had a major influence over the initial development of the original Apple Macintosh concepts from 1979 to 1981, when Jobs took over the project following Wozniak's brief departure from the company due to a traumatic airplane accident.[12][5] After permanently leaving Apple in 1985, Wozniak founded CL 9 and created the first programmable universal remote, released in 1987. He then pursued several other businesses and philanthropic ventures throughout his career, focusing largely on technology in K–12 schools.[5]

          As of November 2019, Wozniak has remained an employee of Apple in a ceremonial capacity since stepping down in 1985.[13][14]

          Early life
          Wozniak's 1968 Homestead High School yearbook photo

          Steve Wozniak was born and raised in San Jose, California, the son of Margaret Louise Wozniak (née Kern) (1923–2014)[15] from Washington state[1](p18) and Francis Jacob "Jerry" Wozniak (1925–1994) from Michigan.[1](p18) His father, Jerry Wozniak, was an engineer for Lockheed Corporation.[9](p1) He graduated from Homestead High School in 1968, in Cupertino, California.

          The name on Wozniak's birth certificate is "Stephan Gary Wozniak", but his mother said that she intended it to be spelled "Stephen", which is what he uses.[1](p18) Wozniak has mentioned his surname being Polish[16][1](pp129–130)[16] and has spoken of his Polish and Ukrainian ancestry.[17]

          In the early 1970s, Wozniak's blue box design earned him the nickname "Berkeley Blue" in the phreaking community.[2][18]

          Wozniak has credited watching Star Trek and attending Star Trek conventions while in his youth as a source of inspiration for his starting Apple Computer, Inc.[19]

          Career

          In 1969, Wozniak returned to the San Francisco Bay Area after being expelled from the University of Colorado Boulder in his first year for hacking the university's computer system and sending prank messages on it.[20][21] He re-enrolled at De Anza College in Cupertino before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley, in 1971.[9](p1) In June 1971, as a self-taught project, Wozniak designed and built his first computer with his friend Bill Fernandez.[9](p1) Predating useful microprocessors, screens, and keyboards, and using a punch card and only 20 TTL chips donated by an acquaintance, they named it "Cream Soda" after their favorite beverage. A newspaper reporter stepped on the power supply cable and blew up the computer, but it served Wozniak as "a good prelude to my thinking 5 years later with the Apple I and Apple II computers".[22] Before focusing his attention on Apple, he was employed at Hewlett-Packard (HP), where he designed calculators.[23] It was during this time that he dropped out of UC Berkeley and befriended Steve Jobs.[4][24]

          Wozniak was introduced to Jobs by Fernandez, who attended Homestead High School with Jobs in 1971. Jobs and Wozniak became friends when Jobs worked for the summer at HP, where Wozniak, too, was employed, working on a mainframe computer.[25]

          "We first met in 1971 during my college years, while he was in high school. A friend said, 'you should meet Steve Jobs because he likes electronics, and he also plays pranks.' So he introduced us."

          — Steve Wozniak[24]
          Wozniak's blue box at the Computer History Museum

          Their first business partnership began later that year when Wozniak read an article titled “Secrets of the Little Blue Box” from the October 1971 issue of Esquire, and started to build his own “blue boxes” that enabled one to make long-distance phone calls at no cost.[26][27] Jobs, who handled the sales of the blue boxes, managed to sell some two hundred of them for $150 each, and split the profit with Wozniak.[28][29] Jobs later told his biographer that if it hadn't been for Wozniak's blue boxes, "there wouldn't have been an Apple."[30]

          In 1973, Jobs was working for arcade game company Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California.[31] He was assigned to create a circuit board for the arcade video game Breakout. According to Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 (equivalent to $576 in 2019) for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, by using RAM for the brick representation. Too complex to be fully comprehended at the time, the fact that this prototype also had no scoring or coin mechanisms meant Woz's prototype could not be used. Jobs was paid the full bonus regardless. Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 and that Wozniak's share was thus $350 (equivalent to $2,016 in 2019).[32][1](pp147–148, 180) Wozniak did not learn about the actual $5,000 bonus (equivalent to $28,797 in 2019) until ten years later. While dismayed, he said that if Jobs had told him about it and had said he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.[33](pp104–107)

          In 1975, Wozniak began designing and developing the computer that would eventually make him famous, the Apple I.[34] On June 29 of that year, he tested his first working prototype, displaying a few letters and running sample programs. It was the first time in history that a character displayed on a TV screen was generated by a home computer.[1] With the Apple I, Wozniak was largely working to impress other members of the Palo Alto-based Homebrew Computer Club,[35](pp35–38) a local group of electronics hobbyists interested in computing. The club was one of several key centers which established the home hobbyist era, essentially creating the microcomputer industry over the next few decades. Unlike other custom Homebrew designs, the Apple had an easy-to-achieve video capability that drew a crowd when it was unveiled.[36]

          Apple formation and success
          See also: History of Apple § 1975–1985: Jobs and Wozniak

          "Wozniak designed Apple’s first products, the Apple I and II computers and he helped design the Macintosh — because he wanted to use them and they didn’t exist." — CNBC retrospective[37]

          "Between Woz and Jobs, Woz was the innovator, the inventor. Steve Jobs was the marketing person." — Apple employee #12 Daniel Kottke[38]

          "Everything I did at Apple that was an A+ job and that took us places, I had two things in my favor ... I had no money [and] I had had no training." — Steve Wozniak in 2010[37]

          Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer in a briefcase. From the Sydney Powerhouse Museum collection

          By March 1, 1976, Wozniak completed the basic design of the Apple I computer.[9](pp5–6) He alone designed the hardware, circuit board designs, and operating system for the computer.[36] Wozniak originally offered the design to HP while working there, but was denied by the company on five occasions.[39] Jobs then advised Wozniak to start a business of their own to build and sell bare printed circuit boards of the Apple I.[9](pp4–6)[35](pp35–38) Wozniak, at first skeptical, was later convinced by Jobs that even if they were not successful they could at least say to their grandchildren that they had had their own company. To raise the money they needed to build the first batch of the circuit boards, Wozniak sold his HP scientific calculator while Jobs sold his Volkswagen van.[9](pp4–6)[35](pp35–38)

          On April 1, 1976, Jobs and Wozniak formed Apple Computer Company (now called Apple Inc.) along with administrative supervisor Ronald Wayne, whose participation in the new venture was short-lived. The two decided on the name "Apple" shortly after Jobs returned from Oregon and told Wozniak about his time spent on an apple orchard there.[40]

          After the company was formed, Jobs and Wozniak made one last trip to the Homebrew Computer Club to give a presentation of the fully assembled version of the Apple I.[35](pp39–40) Paul Terrell, who was starting a new computer shop in Mountain View, California, called the Byte Shop,[1] saw the presentation and was impressed by the machine.[33](pp66–67) Terrell told Jobs that he would order 50 units of the Apple I and pay $500 each on delivery, but only if they came fully assembled, as he was not interested in buying bare printed circuit boards.[9](p7)[33](pp66–67)

          Together the duo assembled the first boards in Jobs's parents' Los Altos home; initially in his bedroom and later (when there was no space left) in the garage. Wozniak's apartment in San Jose was filled with monitors, electronic devices, and computer games that he had developed. The Apple I sold for $666.66. Wozniak later said he had no idea about the relation between the number and the mark of the beast, and that he came up with the price because he liked "repeating digits".[41] They sold their first 50 system boards to Terrell later that year.

          In November 1976, Jobs and Wozniak received substantial funding from a then-semi-retired Intel product marketing manager and engineer named Mike Markkula.[42][9](p10) At the request of Markkula, Wozniak resigned from his job at HP and became the vice president in charge of research and development at Apple. Wozniak's Apple I was similar to the Altair 8800, the first commercially available microcomputer, except the Apple I had no provision for internal expansion cards. With expansion cards, the Altair could attach to a computer terminal and be programmed in BASIC. In contrast, the Apple I was a hobbyist machine. Wozniak's design included a $25 CPU (MOS 6502) on a single circuit board with 256 bytes of ROM, 4K or 8K bytes of RAM, and a 40-character by 24-row display controller. Apple's first computer lacked a case, power supply, keyboard, and display—all components that had to be provided by the user. Eventually about 200 Apple I computers were produced in total.[43]

          An Apple II computer with an external modem

          After the success of the Apple I, Wozniak designed the Apple II, the first personal computer with the ability to display color graphics, and BASIC programming language built in.[1] Inspired by "the technique Atari used to simulate colors on its first arcade games", Wozniak found a way of putting colors into the NTSC system by using a US$1 chip,[44] while colors in the PAL system are achieved by "accident" when a dot occurs on a line, and he says that to this day he has no idea how it works.[45] During the design stage, Jobs argued that the Apple II should have two expansion slots, while Wozniak wanted eight.[1] After a heated argument, during which Wozniak threatened that Jobs should "go get himself another computer", they decided to go with eight slots. Jobs and Wozniak introduced the Apple II at the April 1977 West Coast Computer Faire. Wozniak's first article about the Apple II was in Byte magazine in May 1977.[46] It became one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers in the world.

          Wozniak also designed the Disk II floppy disk drive, released in 1978 specifically for use with the Apple II series to replace the slower cassette tape storage.

          In 1980, Apple went public to instant and significant financial profitability, making Jobs and Wozniak both millionaires. The Apple II's intended successor, the Apple III, released the same year, was a commercial failure and was discontinued in 1984. According to Wozniak, the Apple III "had 100 percent hardware failures", and that the primary reason for these failures was that the system was designed by Apple's marketing department, unlike Apple's previous engineering-driven projects.[47]

          During the early design and development phase of the original Macintosh, Wozniak had a heavy influence over the project. Later named the "Macintosh 128k", it would become the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse. The Macintosh would also go on to introduce the desktop publishing industry with the addition of the Apple LaserWriter, the first laser printer to feature vector graphics.[48] In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that in 1981, "Steve [Jobs] really took over the project when I had a plane crash and wasn't there."[5][12]

          Plane crash and temporary leave from Apple

          On February 7, 1981, the Beechcraft Bonanza A36TC which Wozniak was piloting (and not qualified to operate ) crashed soon after takeoff from the Sky Park Airport in Scotts Valley, California.[49] The airplane stalled while climbing, then bounced down the runway, broke through two fences, and crashed into an embankment. Wozniak and his three passengers—then-fiancée Candice Clark, her brother Jack Clark, and Jack's girlfriend, Janet Valleau—were injured. Wozniak sustained severe face and head injuries, including losing a tooth, and also suffered for the following five weeks from anterograde amnesia, the inability to create new memories. He had no memory of the crash, and did not remember his name while in the hospital or the things he did for a time after he was released.[47][50] He would later state that Apple II computer games were what helped him regain his memory.[1] The National Transportation Safety Board investigation report cited premature liftoff and pilot inexperience as probable causes of the crash.[9](pp28–30)

          Wozniak did not immediately return to Apple after recovering from the airplane crash, seeing it as a good reason to leave.[47] Infinite Loop characterized this time: "Coming out of the semi-coma had been like flipping a reset switch in Woz's brain. It was as if in his thirty-year old body he had regained the mind he'd had at eighteen before all the computer madness had begun. And when that happened, Woz found he had little interest in engineering or design. Rather, in an odd sort of way, he wanted to start over fresh."[51]:322

          UC Berkeley and US Festivals
          Wozniak in 1983

          Later in 1981, after recovering from the plane crash, Wozniak enrolled back at UC Berkeley to complete his degree. Because his name was well known at this point, he enrolled under the name Rocky Raccoon Clark, which is the name listed on his diploma,[5][13][52] although he did not officially receive his degree in electrical engineering and computer science until 1987.[4][5]

          In May 1982 and 1983, Wozniak, with help from professional concert promoter Bill Graham, founded the company Unuson, an abbreviation of "unite us in song",[53] which sponsored two US Festivals, with "US" pronounced like the pronoun, not as initials. Initially intended to celebrate evolving technologies, the festivals ended up as a technology exposition and a rock festival as a combination of music, computers, television, and people. After losing several million dollars on the 1982 festival, Wozniak stated that unless the 1983 event turned a profit, he would end his involvement with rock festivals and get back to designing computers.[54] Later that year, Wozniak returned to Apple product development, desiring no more of a role than that of an engineer and a motivational factor for the Apple workforce.[1][51]:323–324

          Return to Apple product development
          Wozniak and Macintosh system software designer Andy Hertzfeld at an Apple User Group Connection meeting in 1985

          In the mid-1980s he designed the Apple Desktop Bus, a proprietary bit-serial peripheral bus that became the basis of all Macintosh and NeXT computer models.[55][56]

          Starting in the mid-1980s, as the Macintosh experienced slow but steady growth, Apple's corporate leadership, including Steve Jobs, increasingly disrespected its flagship cash cow Apple II series—and Wozniak along with it. The Apple II division—other than Wozniak—was not invited to the Macintosh introduction event, and Wozniak was seen kicking the dirt in the parking lot.[57] Although Apple II products provided about 85% of Apple's sales in early 1985, the company's January 1985 annual meeting did not mention the Apple II division or its employees, a typical situation that frustrated Wozniak.[58]

          Final departure from Apple workforce

          Even with the success he had helped to create at Apple, Wozniak believed that the company was hindering him from being who he wanted to be, and that it was "the bane of his existence".[55] He enjoyed engineering, not management, and said that he missed "the fun of the early days".[13] As other talented engineers joined the growing company, he no longer believed he was needed there, and by early 1985, Wozniak left Apple again, stating that the company had "been going in the wrong direction for the last five years". He then sold most of his stock.[58]

          The Apple II platform financially carried the company well into the Macintosh era of the late 1980s;[58] it was made semi-portable with the Apple IIc of 1984, was extended, with some input from Wozniak, by the 16-bit Apple IIGS of 1986, and was discontinued altogether in 1992.

          Post-Apple career

          After his career at Apple, Wozniak founded CL 9 in 1985, which developed and brought the first programmable universal remote control to market in 1987, called the "CORE".[1]

          Beyond engineering, Wozniak's second lifelong goal had always been to teach elementary school because of the important role teachers play in students' lives. Eventually, he did teach computer classes to children from the fifth through ninth grades, and teachers as well.[52][55] Unuson continued to support this, funding additional teachers and equipment.[53]

          In 2001, Wozniak founded Wheels of Zeus (WOZ)[59] to create wireless GPS technology to "help everyday people find everyday things much more easily". In 2002, he joined the board of directors of Ripcord Networks, Inc., joining Apple alumni Ellen Hancock, Gil Amelio, Mike Connor, and Wheels of Zeus co-founder Alex Fielding in a new telecommunications venture. Later the same year he joined the board of directors of Danger, Inc., the maker of the Hip Top.

          In 2006, Wheels of Zeus was closed, and Wozniak founded Acquicor Technology, a holding company for acquiring technology companies and developing them, with Apple alumni Hancock and Amelio. From 2009 through 2014 he was chief scientist at Fusion-io.[60] In 2014 he became chief scientist at Primary Data, which was founded by some former Fusion-io executives.[61]

          Silicon Valley Comic Con (SVCC) is an annual pop culture and technology convention at the San Jose McEnery Convention Center in San Jose, California. The convention was co-founded by Wozniak and Rick White, with Trip Hunter as CEO.[62] Wozniak announced the annual event in 2015 along with Marvel legend Stan Lee.[63]

          In October 2017, Wozniak founded Woz U, an online educational technology service for independent students and employees.[64] As of December 2018, Woz U was licensed as a school with the Arizona state board.[65]

          Though permanently leaving Apple as an active employee in 1985, Wozniak chose to never remove himself from the official employee list, and continues to represent the company at events or in interviews.[13] Today he receives a stipend from Apple for this role, estimated in 2006 to be US$120,000 per year.[1][13][66] He is also an Apple shareholder.[67] He maintained a friendly acquaintance with Steve Jobs until Jobs's death in October 2011.[68] However, in 2006, Wozniak stated that he and Jobs were not as close as they used to be.[69] In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that the original Macintosh "failed" under Steve Jobs, and that it was not until Jobs left that it became a success. He called the Apple Lisa group the team that had kicked Jobs out, and that Jobs liked to call the Lisa group "idiots for making [the Lisa computer] too expensive". To compete with the Lisa, Jobs and his new team produced a cheaper computer, one that, according to Wozniak, was "weak", "lousy" and "still at a fairly high price". "He made it by cutting the RAM down, by forcing you to swap disks here and there", says Wozniak. He attributed the eventual success of the Macintosh to people like John Sculley "who worked to build a Macintosh market when the Apple II went away".[12]

          At the end of 2020, Wozniak announced the launch of a new company helmed by him. Efforce is described as a marketplace for funding ecologically-friendly projects. It used a WOZX cryptocurrency token for funding and blockchain to redistribute the profit to token holders and businesses engaged on the platform.[70] In its first week trading, the WOZX cryptocurrency token increased 1,400%.[71]

          Patents
          Wozniak at Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre, Australia, 2012

          Wozniak is listed as the sole inventor on the following Apple patents:

          • US Patent No. 4,136,359: "Microcomputer for use with video display"[72]—for which he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
          • US Patent No. 4,210,959: "Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like"[73]
          • US Patent No. 4,217,604: "Apparatus for digitally controlling PAL color display"[74]
          • US Patent No. 4,278,972: "Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display"[75]

          Philanthropy

          In 1990, Wozniak helped found the Electronic Frontier Foundation, providing some of the organization's initial funding[76][77][78] and serving on its founding Board of Directors.[76] He is the founding sponsor of the Tech Museum, Silicon Valley Ballet and Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose.[5] Also since leaving Apple, Wozniak has provided all the money, and much onsite technical support, for the technology program in his local school district in Los Gatos.[1] Un.U.Son. (Unite Us In Song), an organization Wozniak formed to organize the two US festivals, is now primarily tasked with supporting his educational and philanthropic projects.[1][53] In 1986, Wozniak lent his name to the Stephen G. Wozniak Achievement Awards (popularly known as "Wozzie Awards"), which he presented to six Bay Area high school and college students for their innovative use of computers in the fields of business, art, and music.[79] Wozniak is the subject of a student-made film production of his friend's (Joe Patane) nonprofit Dream Camp Foundation for high-level-need youth entitled Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy.[80]

          Honors and awards
          Wozniak speaking at a conference in Paradise Valley, Arizona in 2017
          • In 1979, Wozniak was awarded the ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award. In 1985, both he and Steve Jobs received the National Medal of Technology from US President Ronald Reagan.[1]
          • Later he donated funds to create the "Woz Lab" at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In 1998, he was named a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for co-founding Apple Computer and inventing the Apple I personal computer."[81]
          • In September 2000, Wozniak was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame,[82] and in 2001 he was awarded the 7th Annual Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment.[83]
          • The American Humanist Association awarded him the Isaac Asimov Science Award in 2011.
          • In 2004, Wozniak was given the 5th Annual Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology.[84]
          • He was awarded the Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT in 2011.[85]
          • On February 17, 2014, in Los Angeles, Wozniak was awarded the 66th Hoover Medal from IEEE President & CEO J. Roberto de Marca. The award is presented to an engineer whose professional achievements and personal endeavors have advanced the well-being of humankind and is administered by a board representing five engineering organizations: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; the American Society of Civil Engineers; the American Institute of Chemical Engineers; the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers; and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
          • The New York City Chapter of Young Presidents' Organization presented their 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award to Wozniak on October 16, 2014 at the American Museum of Natural History.
          • In November 2014, Industry Week added Wozniak to the Manufacturing Hall of Fame.[86]
          • On June 19, 2015, Wozniak received the Legacy for Children Award from the Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose. The Legacy for Children Award honors an individual whose legacy has significantly benefited the learning and lives of children. The purpose of the Award is to focus Silicon Valley's attention on the needs of our children, encouraging us all to take responsibility for their well-being. Candidates are nominated by a committee of notable community members involved in children's education, health care, human and social services, and the arts.[87] The city of San Jose named a street "Woz Way" in his honor. The street address of the Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose is 180 Woz Way.
          • On June 20, 2015, The Cal Alumni Association (UC Berkeley's Alumni Association) presented Wozniak with the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Award. "We are honored to recognize Steve Wozniak with CAA’s most esteemed award," said CAA President Cynthia So Schroeder '91. "His invaluable contributions to education and to UC Berkeley place him among Cal's most accomplished and respected alumni."[88]
          • In March 2016, High Point University announced that Wozniak will serve as their Innovator in Residence. Wozniak was High Point University's commencement speaker in 2013. Through this ongoing partnership, Wozniak will connect with High Point University students on a variety of topics and make campus-visits periodically.[89][90]
          Paul Allen and Wozniak at the Living Computer Museum in 2017
          • In March 2017, Wozniak was listed by UK-based company Richtopia at number 18 on its list of the 200 Most Influential Philanthropists and Social Entrepreneurs.[91][92]
          • Wozniak is the 2021 recipient of the IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award "for pioneering the design of consumer-friendly personal computers.”[93]

          Honorary degrees

          For his contributions to technology, Wozniak has been awarded a number of Honorary Doctor of Engineering degrees, which include the following:

          In media

          Steve Wozniak has been mentioned, represented, or interviewed countless times in media from the founding of Apple to the present. Wired magazine described him as a person of "tolerant, ingenuous self-esteem" who interviews with "a nonstop, singsong voice".[53]

          Documentaries

          Feature films

          Television
          Wozniak during filming of Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List
          • After seeing her stand-up performance in Saratoga, California, Wozniak began dating comedian Kathy Griffin.[115] Together, they attended the 2007 Emmy Awards,[116] and subsequently made many appearances on the fourth season of her show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List. Wozniak is on the show as her date for the Producers Guild of America award show. However, on a June 19, 2008 appearance on The Howard Stern Show, Griffin confirmed that they were no longer dating and decided to remain friends.[117]
          • Wozniak portrays a parody of himself in the first episode of the television series Code Monkeys; he plays the owner of Gameavision before selling it to help fund his next enterprise.[118][119] He later appears again in the 12th episode when he is in Las Vegas at the annual Video Game Convention and sees Dave and Jerry. He also appears in a parody of the "Get a Mac" ads featured in the final episode of Code Monkeys second season. Wozniak is also interviewed and featured in the documentary Hackers Wanted and on the BBC.
          • Wozniak competed on Season 8 of Dancing with the Stars in 2009[120][121] where he danced with Karina Smirnoff. Though Wozniak and Smirnoff received 10 combined points from the three judges out of 30, the lowest score of the evening, he remained in the competition. He later posted on a social networking site that he believed that the vote count was not legitimate and suggested that the Dancing with the Stars judges had lied about the vote count to keep him on the show.[122] After being briefed on the method of judging and vote counting, he retracted and apologized for his statements.[123] Though suffering a pulled hamstring and a fracture in his foot, Wozniak continued to compete,[124] but was eliminated from the competition on March 31, with a score of 12 out of 30 for an Argentine Tango.[125]
          • On September 30, 2010, he appeared as himself on The Big Bang Theory season 4 episode "The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification".[126] While dining in The Cheesecake Factory where Penny works, he is approached by Sheldon via telepresence on a Texai robot. Leonard tries to explain to Penny who Wozniak is, but she says she already knows him from Dancing with the Stars.
          • On September 30, 2013, he appeared along with early Apple employees Daniel Kottke and Andy Hertzfeld on the television show John Wants Answers to discuss the movie Jobs.[127]

          Personal life
          Wozniak and then-girlfriend Kathy Griffin in 2008
          Wozniak signs a Modbook at Macworld Expo in 2009
          Wozniak's 70th Birthday Celebration poster

          Wozniak lives in Los Gatos, California. He applied for Australian citizenship in 2012, and has stated that he would like to live in Melbourne, Australia in the future.[128] Wozniak has been referred to frequently by the nickname "Woz", or "The Woz"; he has also been called "The Wonderful Wizard of Woz" and "The Second Steve" (in regard to his early business partner and longtime friend, Steve Jobs).[129] "WoZ" (short for "Wheels of Zeus") is the name of a company Wozniak founded in 2002; it closed in 2006.[130]

          Wozniak describes his impetus for joining the Freemasons in 1979 as being able to spend more time with his then-wife, Alice Robertson, who belonged to the Order of the Eastern Star, associated with the Masons. Wozniak has said that he quickly rose to a third degree Freemason because, whatever he does, he tries to do well. He was initiated in 1979 at Charity Lodge No. 362 in Campbell, California, now part of Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 292 in Los Gatos.[131] Today he is no longer involved: "I did become a Freemason and know what it's about but it doesn't really fit my tech/geek personality. Still, I can be polite to others from other walks of life. After our divorce was filed I never attended again but I did contribute enough for a lifetime membership."[132]

          Wozniak was married to slalom canoe gold-medalist Candice Clark from June 1981 to 1987. They have three children together, the youngest being born after their divorce was finalized.[133][134] After a high-profile relationship with actress Kathy Griffin, who described him on Tom Green's House Tonight in 2008 as "the biggest techno-nerd in the Universe", Wozniak married Janet Hill, his current spouse.[135]

          On his religious views, Wozniak has called himself an "atheist or agnostic".[136][137]

          He is a member of a Segway Polo team, the Silicon Valley Aftershocks.[138]

          In 2006, he co-authored with Gina Smith his autobiography, iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It. The book made The New York Times Best Seller list.[5]

          Wozniak's favorite video game is Tetris for Game Boy,[139] and he had a high score for Sabotage.[140] In the 1990s he submitted so many high scores for Tetris to Nintendo Power that they would no longer print his scores, so he started sending them in under the reversed name "Evets Kainzow".[141] Prior to the release of Game Boy, Wozniak called Gran Trak 10 his "favorite game ever" and said that he played the arcade game while developing hardware for the first version of Breakout for Atari.[33](pp103–104)[142] In 1985, Steve Jobs referred to Wozniak as a Gran Trak 10 "addict".[143]

          Wozniak has expressed his personal disdain for money and accumulating large amounts of wealth. He told Fortune magazine in 2017, "I didn’t want to be near money, because it could corrupt your values... I really didn’t want to be in that super ‘more than you could ever need’ category." He also said that he only invests in things "close to his heart". When Apple first went public in 1980, Wozniak offered $10 million of his own stock to early Apple employees, something Jobs refused to do.[6]

          Wozniak has the condition prosopagnosia, or face blindness.[144]

          Views on artificial superintelligence

          In March 2015, Wozniak stated that while he had originally dismissed the writings of Ray Kurzweil who stated machine intelligence will outpace human intelligence within several decades, Wozniak had come to change his mind:

          I agree that the future is scary and very bad for people. If we build these devices to take care of everything for us, eventually they'll think faster than us and they'll get rid of the slow humans to run companies more efficiently.

          Wozniak stated that he had started to identify a contradictory sense of foreboding about artificial intelligence, while still supporting the advance of technology.[145] By June 2015, Wozniak changed his mind, stating that a superintelligence takeover would be good for humans:

          They're going to be smarter than us and if they're smarter than us then they'll realise they need us... We want to be the family pet and be taken care of all the time... I got this idea a few years ago and so I started feeding my dog filet steak and chicken every night because 'do unto others'.[146][147]

          In 2016, Wozniak changed his mind again, stating that he no longer worried about the possibility of superintelligence emerging because he is skeptical that computers will be able to compete with human "intuition": "A computer could figure out a logical endpoint decision, but that’s not the way intelligence works in humans". Wozniak added that if computers do become superintelligent, "they're going to be partners of humans over all other species just forever".[148][149][150]

          See also

          References
          1. Wozniak, Steve; Smith, Gina (2006). iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-06143-4. OCLC 502898652.
          2. Dayal, Geeta (February 1, 2013). "Phreaks and Geeks". Slate. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
          3. Stix, Harriet (May 14, 1986). "A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
          4. "Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak". MIT. Lemelson Foundation. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
          5. "About Steve Wozniak aka 'The Woz'". Woz.org. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
          6. Martin, Emmie (April 21, 2017). "Why Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak doesn't trust money".
          7. "Steve Wozniak". Biography.com. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
          8. Rebecca Gold (1994). Steve Wozniak: A Wizard Called Woz. Lerner.
          9. Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). Apple Confidential 2.0 : The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company (Rev. 2nd ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: No Starch Press. ISBN 1-59327-010-0.
          10. Reimer, Jeremy (December 14, 2005). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
          11. "Nolan Bushnell Appointed to Atari Board — AtariAge Forums — Page 30". Atariage.com. April 29, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
          12. "Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
          13. "I Never Left Apple". Woz.org. January 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
          14. "Steve Wozniak on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
          15. "RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Dowling Family Genealogy". wc.rootsweb.com.
          16. Wozniak, Steve. "About your last name". Woz.org. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
          17. "Завжди знав, що маю українське прізвище: співзасновник Apple Возняк відвідав Київ" (video). TSN 19:30. Kyiv: 1+1. September 30, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017. This is a very special visit for us. I was always aware that my name was Ukrainian. The report is in Ukrainian, but part of his English speech can be heard behind the translation.
          18. Lapsley, Phil (February 16, 2013). "From "phreaks" to Apple: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak's "eureka!" moment". Salon.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
          19. Huffingtonpost interview. Retrieved on April 22, 2017.
          20. "CU breeds success: A look at famous alumni". CU Independent. February 20, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
          21. "From the Chancellor - Office of the Chancellor". University of Colorado Boulder. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
          22. "Cream soda – The first computer". emberify.com. October 1, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
          23. "Steve Wozniak Talks About HP". YouTube. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
          24. "Three Minutes With Steve Wozniak". ABC News. July 20, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
          25. Young, Jefferey S. (December 1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Lynx Books. ISBN 155802378X.
          26. Isaacson, Walter (2011). Steve Jobs. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781451648546. pp. 27–29
          27. "How Blue Box Phone Phreaking Put Steve Jobs and Woz on the Road to Apple". Esquire. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
          28. Linzmayer 2004, pp. 1–2.
          29. O'Grady 2009, pp. 1–2.
          30. Isaacson 2015, p. 30.
          31. "An exclusive interview with Daniel Kottke". India Today. September 13, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
          32. "Letters – General Questions Answered". Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2016., Woz.org
            Kent, Stevn: "The Ultimate History of Video Games", pp. 71–73. Three Rivers, 2001. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4
            "Breakout". Arcade History. June 25, 2002. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
            "Classic Gaming: A Complete History of Breakout". GameSpy. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
          33. Isaacson, Walter (2011). Steve Jobs. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-4853-9.
          34. Steidler-Dennison, Tony (March 24, 2009). Mac for Linux Geeks. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-1651-3.
          35. Schlender, Brent; Tetzeli, Rick (2016). Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader. Crown Business; Reprint edition. ISBN 9780385347426.
          36. Freiberger, Paul; Swaine, Michael (2000). Fire in the Valley. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-135892-7.
          37. Clifford, Catherine (May 14, 2019). "Steve Wozniak: 2 counterintuitive reasons I was able to build 'A+' products when Apple first started". CNBC. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
          38. "Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12". Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
          39. "Apple co-founder offered first computer design to HP 5 times". AppleInsider.
          40. "How Did Apple Computer Get Its Brand Name?". Branding Strategy Insider. November 17, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
          41. Blazeski, Goran (November 25, 2017). "Apple-1, Steve Wozniak's hand-built creation, was Apple's first official product, priced at $666.66". The Vintage News. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
          42. Markoff, John (September 1, 1997). "An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil". The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
          43. Williams, Gregg; Moore, Rob (December 1984). "The Apple Story / Part 1: Early History". BYTE (interview). pp. A67. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
          44. "Woz: Putting Color In The Computer Was One Of The Biggest Things Apple Ever Did". macstories.net.
          45. Schawbel, Dan. "Steve Wozniak: His Career Challenges, Steve Jobs, Tech Trends and Advice". Forbes.
          46. Wozniak, Stephen (May 1977). "The Apple-II". Byte. Vol. 2 no. 5. p. 36. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
          47. Williams, Gregg; Moore, Rob (January 1985). "The Apple Story / Part 2: More History and the Apple III". BYTE (interview). p. 166. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
          48. Polsson, Ken (July 29, 2009). "Chronology of Apple Computer Personal Computers". Archived from the original on August 21, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2019. See May 3, 1984.
          49. Tirrell, Rick (2009). The wisdom of resilience builders : how our best leaders create the world's most enduring enterprises. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 236. ISBN 978-1-4490-5323-9.
          50. O'Grady, Jason D. (2009). Apple Inc. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-313-36244-6.
          51. Malone, Michael S. (1999). Infinite Loop. ISBN 978-0-385-48684-2. OCLC 971131326.
          52. Glancer, David (August 26, 2016). "Interview: Steve Wozniak, Apple co-founder and inventor of the home computer". The Conversation. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
          53. Wolf, Gary (September 1, 1998). "The World According to Woz". Wired. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
          54. "Us Festival: More Music, Money and Madness". Rolling Stone (397): 42–45. June 9, 1983.
          55. Flatow, Ira. Present at the Future: From Evolution to Nanotechnology, Candid and Controversial Conversations on Science and Nature. USA: HarperCollins, 2007. 263-4. Print.
          56. "One cable to rule them all: a look at Apple's retired connectors through the years". AppleInsider. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
          57. Bunnell, David. "Chapter 10: Steve Thumbs his Nose at the Apple II". My Close Encounters With Steve Jobs. Retrieved July 19, 2019 – via Cult of Mac.
          58. Rice, Valerie (April 15, 1985). "Unrecognized Apple II Employees Exit". InfoWorld. p. 35. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
          59. Costello, Sam (January 24, 2002). "Apple co-founder turns the Wheels of Zeus". CNN. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
          60. Vance, Ashlee (February 4, 2009). "Wozniak Accepts Post at a Storage Start-Up". The New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
          61. Preimesberger, Chris (November 19, 2014). "The Band's Back Together: Woz Joins Startup Primary Data". eWeek. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
          62. "Silicon Valley Comic Con WOZ Welcome Address, published on YouTube". Retrieved May 2, 2016.
          63. "Silicon Valley Comic Con 2016, published on YouTube". Retrieved March 20, 2019.
          64. Stangel, Luke (October 13, 2017). "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak launches 'Woz U' tech school". Bizjournals. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
          65. "Complaint over quality of Woz U, Steve Wozniak's Scottsdale school, dismissed". azcentral. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
          66. "CNN.com Video". CNN.
          67. Apple's Other Steve (Stock Research) Archived October 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine March 2, 2000, The Motley Fool.
          68. Krishnamoorthy, Anand; Li, Susan. "Jobs's Death Was Like Lennon, JFK Getting Shot, Wozniak Says". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
          69. Peterson, Kim (April 16, 2006). "Steve Wozniak Q & A". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
          70. Clifford, Catherine (December 4, 2020). "Steve Wozniak is starting another company, 45 years after co-founding Apple with Steve Jobs". CNBC. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
          71. "Steve Wozniak's New Cryptocurrency Increased 1,400% In Value In Less Than a Week". Entrepreneur. December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
          72. US Patent No. 4,136,359, US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database.
          73. Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like US Patent 4210959, US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database.
          74. Apparatus for digitally controlling PAL color display US Patent 4217604, US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database.
          75. Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display US Patent 4278972, US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database.
          76. John Perry Barlow (November 8, 1990). "A Not Terribly Brief History of the Electronic Frontier Foundation". Archived from the original on June 27, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
          77. "Formation documents and mission statement for the EFF". Archived from the original on December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
          78. Mike Saunders (July 3, 2013). "Inside the Electronic Frontier Foundation". TuxRadar.com. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
          79. "SIX BAY AREA STUDENTS WIN WOZNIAK ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS". San Jose Mercury News. September 13, 1986. p. 3D. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
          80. "Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy". YouTube.com. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
          81. "Steve Wozniak — CHM Fellow Award Winner". Computer History Museum. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
          82. Inventor Profile — National Inventors Hall of Fame. Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
          83. "The Heinz Awards, Steve Wozniak profile". Heinzawards.net. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
          84. "Past Honorees". Telluride Tech Festival. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          85. "Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT". Globalitaward.am. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
          86. "2014 Hall of Fame Inductee: Steve Wozniak". IndustryWeek. November 3, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
          87. "Legacy for Children Award". Children’s Discovery Museum of San Jose.
          88. "CAA Announces the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Steve Wozniak, B.S. '86 and Other Alumni Award Recipients". Cal Alumni Association.
          89. Baker, Eli (March 7, 2016). "Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Becomes Innovator in Residence, High Point University". High Point University. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
          90. Marketwired (February 21, 2017). "Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Holds Micro Sessions with HPU Students". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
          91. "Philanthropists & Social Entrepreneurs Top 200: From Elon Musk to Melinda Gates, These Are the Most Influential Do-Gooders in the World". Richtopia. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
          92. "Top 200 Philanthropists in the world". Delfi. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
          93. "IEEE MASARU IBUKA CONSUMER ELECTRONICS AWARD RECIPIENTS" (PDF). IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          94. Seibold, Chris. "This Day in Apple History December 28, 1989: Woz Gets Honorary Doctorate, Dish Incident Forgotten". Retrieved July 31, 2007.
          95. Honorary Doctorate — North Carolina State University List of Honorary Degrees.
          96. "Commencement Coverage". Kettering University. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
          97. Honorary Doctorate — Kettering University List of Honorary Degrees. Archived November 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
          98. "NSU Commencement Programs". Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
          99. "Steve Wozniak Speaker Profile". Speakers Associates. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
          100. MSU convocation speaker and honorary degree recipient Steve Wozniak, Spring 2011, Michigan State University, May 9, 2011, retrieved February 11, 2016 – via YouTube
          101. "Commencement | MSU Commencement". Commencement.msu.edu. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
          102. "Honorary degree citation -Steve Wozniak". Concordia University. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
          103. "Steve Wozniak Awarded Honorary Doctoral Degree - Hetq - News, Articles, Investigations". hetq.am. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
          104. "June 2012 - 2012 - Press Releases - News & Events - Santa Clara University". Santa Clara University. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
          105. "Woz's Wisdom to the Santa Clara University Class of 2012". www.scu.edu. Santa Clara University. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          106. "Honorary Doctorates - Universidad Camilo José Cela". Universidad Camilo José Cela. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
          107. Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy at IMDb
          108. Geeks On Board at IMDb
          109. "The Secret History of Hacking". theblackpacket.com. August 10, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          110. "15 Best Documentaries About Hacking And Hackers You Should Watch". TechLog360. May 11, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          111. "Steve Wozniak's Formative Moment". Reddit. March 15, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2017 – via YouTube.
          112. Ebiri, Bilge (October 7, 2015). "Ranking the Actors Who Played Steve Wozniak, From Worst to Best". Vulture. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          113. Sakoui, Anousha; Palmeri, Christopher (July 2, 2015). "Wozniak Says Scene in Jobs Trailer Is Fiction, Loves It Anyway". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          114. "American Genius". Archived from the original on September 10, 2015.
          115. Collins, Michelle. "VH1 Best Week Ever — Off The Market: Kathy Griffin Finds a New Man!". Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
          116. "Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Escorted Comedian Kathy Griffin & Her Potty Mouth To The Emmy's". Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.()
          117. Who’s so vain? June 19, 2008 — The Howard Stern Show. Archived November 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
          118. "Code Monkeys: The Woz". TV.com. CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          119. Harris, Will. "Code Monkeys: Season 1 DVD review". www.bullzeye.com. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          120. "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak to compete on 'Dancing With the Stars'" from Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on February 8, 2009.
          121. "Why Apple founders got 'fired up.'". BBC News. November 21, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
          122. Matyszczyk, Chris (March 17, 2009). "Woz in ABC 'outright lie' accusation". CNET.
          123. Fashingbauer Cooper, Gael (March 19, 2009). "Wozniak sorry he called 'Dancing' show 'fake'". Today.com.
          124. Injured Woz Will Perform Archived March 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine People, March 23, 2009.
          125. Woz Gets Hipchecked Off the Dance Floor, by Kara Swisher, April 1, 2009, All Things Digital.
          126. Busch, Jenna (October 1, 2010). "The Big Bang Theory: "The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification" Review". IGN.com. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          127. Vink, John (October 1, 2013). "The Cast of Jobs". John Wants Answers. KMVT 15.
          128. Hopewell, Luke (September 25, 2012). "Steve Wozniak Is Becoming An Australian Citizen". Gizmodo. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
          129. Mulligan, Sean. "Steve "The Woz" Wozniak: 2011 Isaac Asimoz Science Award". American Humanist Association. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
          130. Kanellos, Michael. "Wozniak shuts down Wheels of Zeus". CNET. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
          131. "A Few Famous Masons". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and the Yukon. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
          132. "Ask Steve Wozniak Anything". Slashdot. October 1, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
          133. "This Week in Apple History – June 7–13: The Woz Marries, Switcher Campaign Starts, IE Ended". The Mac Observer. June 13, 2004. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
          134. "Wizard of Woz". People.com. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
          135. "'I'm in trouble' says Woz's wife". Fortune. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
          136. Wozniak, Steve (2002). "Letters-General Questions Answered". Woz.org. Los Gatos, California. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2017. I am also atheist or agnostic (I don't even know the difference). I've never been to church and prefer to think for myself. I do believe that religions stand for good things, and that if you make irrational sacrifices for a religion, then everyone can tell that your religion is important to you and can trust that your most important inner faiths are strong.
          137. Brian Riley (2012). "Interview with Steve Wozniak". Davis, California: BrianRiley.us. Retrieved August 17, 2014. I’m kind of spiritual inside. I have a lot of philosophies of how to be a good person, how to treat people, and I’ve worked them out, thinking over and over, reflecting inside my mind the way shy people do, and I was very shy, and coming up with my own little keys and rules for life, and they stayed with me…
          138. Dobush, Grace. "Steve Wozniak played in this year's Segway polo world championships". Quartz. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
          139. "Woz and I agree: 'Tetris' for the Gameboy is the best game ever, by Daniel Terdiman, December 11, 2007, Geek Gestalt on CNET News.
          140. "High Scores". Softline. September 1981. p. 28. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
          141. Wozniak, Steve. "Evets Kainzow". Woz.org.
          142. Edwards, Benj (May 4, 2007). "Woz Was Here - Steve Wozniak On His Gaming Past". Gamasutra.
          143. Murphy, Conor (May 30, 2012). "The History of Breakout". Big Fish Games.
          144. Kelion, Leo (September 9, 2015). "Steve Wozniak: Shocked and amazed by Steve Jobs movie". BBC. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
          145. Holley, Peter (March 24, 2015). "Apple co-founder on artificial intelligence: 'The future is scary and very bad for people'". Washington Post. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
          146. Gibbs, Samuel (June 25, 2015). "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak says humans will be robots' pets". The Guardian. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
          147. Dowd, Maureen (April 2017). "Elon Musk's Billion-Dollar Crusade to Stop the A.I. Apocalypse". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
          148. "Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak dismisses AI concerns raised by Stephen Hawking and Nick Bostrom". Business Insider. October 9, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
          149. Stockton, Nick (April 19, 2017). "How Steve Wozniak Got Over His Fear of Robots Turning People Into Pets". Wired. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
          150. "Elon Musk says AI could doom human civilization. Zuckerberg disagrees. Who's right?". USA Today. January 2, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2018.

          Photographs
          This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.