Spirostreptida

Spirostreptida
	Orthoporus sp. (Spirostreptidae) from North America
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Diplopoda
Subclass:	Chilognatha
Infraclass:	Helminthomorpha
Superorder:	Juliformia
Order:	Spirostreptida; Brandt, 1833
Families
	10: see text.

Spirostreptida is an order of long, cylindrical millipedes. There are approximately 1000 described species,[1] making Spirostreptida the second largest order of millipedes after Polydesmida.

Description

Spirostreptida are generally large, long and cylindrical, with 30 to 90 body rings. Eyes are present in most.[2] This order contains the longest millipedes known: the giant African millipedes of the genus Archispirostreptus that may exceed 30 centimetres (12 in).[2]

Distribution

Spirostreptida contains mainly tropical species, and occurs in Africa, Southern Asia to Japan, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere from the United States to Argentina.[3]

Classification

The order comprises two suborders, Cambalidea and Spirostreptidea, the latter further divided into two superfamilies.[1]

Cambala minor (Cambalidae), a cave-millipede from eastern North America

Suborder Cambalidea

Cambalidae

Cambalopsidae (includes the former Glyphiulidae and Pericambalidae)[1]

Choctellidae

Iulomorphidae

Pseudonannolenidae

Suborder Spirostreptidea

Superfamily Odontopygoidea

Atopogestidae

Odontopygidae

Superfamily Spirostreptoidea

Adiaphorostreptidae

Harpagophoridae

Spirostreptidae

Select species

Phyllogonostreptus nigrolabiatus- a large species from India
Spinotarsus caboverdus- a species that has become an agricultural pest in Cape Verde

References

Shear, W. (2011). "Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 159–164.
"Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders" (PDF). Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
Shelley, Rowland M. (1999). "Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna". The Kansas School Naturalist. 45 (3): 1–16.

External links

Media related to Spirostreptida at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Spirostreptida at Wikispecies
"Spirostreptida" at the Encyclopedia of Life

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[Shear_2011-1] Shear, W. (2011). "Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 159–164.

[ID-2] "Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders" (PDF). Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. Retrieved 25 October 2013.

[Shelley_1999-3] Shelley, Rowland M. (1999). "Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna". The Kansas School Naturalist. 45 (3): 1–16.