Sport in Africa
Association football (also known as soccer) is the most popular sport in almost all African countries, and in 2010 South Africa became the first African nation to host the FIFA World Cup.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Some African nations, like Kenya and Ethiopia, are very dominant at long distance running, whilst north African countries such Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia are dominant in handball, and countries such as Zimbabwe. Rugby and golf are reasonably popular in a few African countries, though rugby is very popular in South Africa.[7]
Infrastructure
African relative lack of success in international sports is due to lack of infrastructure.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
Team sports
Basketball
Basketball is also popular throughout the continent, with notable results in Nigeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Cameroon and Angola.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]
The Nigerian Hakeem Olajuwon (2x times NBA Champion with Houston Rockets) is one of the best foreign players in the NBA's history and considered fundamental in developing and popularizing Basketball in Africa.
Cricket
Cricket is a popular summer sport in the United Kingdom and has been exported to other parts of the former British Empire.[24][25][26][27][28][29] Cricket has its origins in south east Britain. It is popular throughout England and Wales, and parts of the Netherlands, and in other world areas, especially in southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand and the Indian subcontinent. It is played to test cricket level in South Africa and Zimbabwe, with notable results in Kenya and Namibia.
Football
Association football (also known as soccer) is the most popular sport in almost all African countries. African club teams compete in the CAF Champions League and CAF Confederation Cup. African national teams compete in the Africa Cup of Nations and also in the African Nations Championship for local teams.
Ice hockey
Ice hockey is a minority sport in Africa, in which only a handful of African countries participate.[30][31][32][33]
Rugby union
Rugby union is very popular in South Africa (3x times World Champions in 1995, 2007 & 2019) and other countries have notable results such as Morocco, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Ivory Coast.[34][35][36] The major competition in the continent is the Africa Cup that contains the teams in the first level of African rugby, and African Development Trophy contains the teams in the second level. Only the South Africa rugby team compete in the intercontinental tournament, The Rugby Championship.
Other sports
Handball and volleyball are popular especially in North Africa, Other team sports like water polo, roller hockey, and field hockey, are also popular in some Eastern and South African countries.
Individual sports
Individual sports are also very important. Africa has a major multisports competition called All-Africa Games that started in 1965 held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
Athletics
Athletics is one of the major single competitions in Africa. The discipline has been part of the African Games since 1965. The African Athletics Championships has been held biannually since 1979. The African Cross Country Championships was first held in 1985 and later since 2011. The African Mountain Running Championships has been held since 2009.
In addition, several editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships have been held in Africa. The Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat has been held at Morocco since 2008 as part of the IAAF World Challenge and the IAAF Diamond League. Previously, the Meeting Grand Prix IAAF de Dakar was part of the IAAF Grand Prix and IAAF World Challenge. The Cape Town Marathon became an IAAF Silver Label event in 2014 and an IAAF Gold Label event in 2017.
Kenya and Ethiopia have been dominant in athletics at the Summer Olympics since the 1960s, especially in mid-distance and long-distance running.
Cycling
The UCI Africa Tour road cycling competition has been held since 2005.
The Dimension Data, formerly MTN–Qhubeka, was the first African team to enter the Grand Tours in 2015. Notable team members include Jacques Janse van Rensburg and Youcef Reguigui.
Kenya and Rwanda are rising forces in world cycling.[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]
Golf
Golf is a minority sport in Africa.[44] The Sunshine Tour is based in South Africa but also visits other neighbour countries. Several tournaments have been co-sanctioned by the European Tour, such as the South African Open, South African PGA Championship, Alfred Dunhill Championship, Nedbank Golf Challenge, Africa Open, Joburg Open, Tshwane Open,
Notable African golfers include Bobby Locke, winner of The British Open four times in 1949, 1950, 1952 and 1957; Gary Player, winner of the British Open in 1959, 1968 and 1974, The Masters in 1961, 1974 and 1978, the PGA Championship in 1962 and 1972 and the U.S Open in 1965; Ernie Els, winner of the 1994, 1997 U.S. Open and 2002 British Open; Nick Price, winner of the 1992 and 1994 PGA Championship and 1994 British Open; Retief Goosen; Trevor Immelman; Louis Oosthuizen and Charl Schwartzel.
Motorsport
Motorsport is popular in South Africa. The country has hosted several international races, such as the South African Grand Prix (Formula One) , South African motorcycle Grand Prix (Grand Prix motorcycle racing), etc. The Moroccan Grand Prix was the first Grand Prix from Africa to host the Formula 1 in 1958.
Jody Scheckter is the only Auto driver from Africa to win the Formula 1 in 1979. In Motos, South Africa had notorious riders as Kork Ballington, Jon Ekerold, and recently Brad Binder.
Combat sports
There are also major martial arts and combat sport competitions in the continent.
Boxing
Louis Phal was the first African world boxing champion. It would another 4 decades for another boxing world champion in the form of Richard Ihetu. Meanwhile, there was little administrative framework for professional boxing in Africa until 1973, when representatives of nine African nations created the African Boxing Union. On October 30, 1974, Muhammad Ali and George Foreman fought for a heavyweight title in Zaire which became known as Rumble in the Jungle.
Africa has produced many world champions, with Azumah Nelson the most well known.[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]
Judo
Africa has yet to produce a winner in world judo.[58] African Judo Championships is the most important judo event in Africa.
Karate
Karate was first introduced in Africa in the 1960s.[59][60][61] The Union of African Karate Federation is in charge of karate in Africa.
Mixed martial arts
South Africa hosts Extreme Fighting Championship (EFC) (formerly known as EFC Africa).[62][63] It is the number one mixed martial arts organisation in the African continent.[64]
EFC Africa 01 took place at The Coca-Cola Dome in Northgate, Johannesburg on 12 November 2009 and is now viewed in 110 countries, including USA, Canada, The Caribbean and all over Europe. EFC Africa 19, which was held at Carnival City in Johannesburg on 19 April 2013, topped other African sports ratings with a record of over 1.8 million views with 31.3% of the total South African TV audience (SABC, e.tv and DStv combined). These are the biggest ratings in EFC history, topping EFC Africa 12's record of 1.6 million views and 25.9% audience share.[65]
Winter Olympics
Many people of the African diaspora represent African nations at the Winter Olympics.[71]
Events
South Africa has hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup, 2003 Cricket World Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup.[72][73] Africa has hosted six editions of the Pan Arab Games and five editions of the Mediterranean Games. Durban, South Africa was announced as host of the 2022 Commonwealth Games in 2015, but they were denied as hosts in 2017.
Notable continental tournaments are the African Games, Africa Cup of Nations, CAF Champions League, African Championships in Athletics, African Rally Championship and Sunshine Tour.
See also
- Africa Military Games
- African Sports Confederation of Disabled
- African Youth Games
- Association of African Sports Confederations
- Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa
- List of African Olympic medalists
- Sport in Asia
- Sport in Europe
- Sport in Oceania
- Sport in South America
- Sports in North America
Bibliography
- Bogopa, D. (2001). ”Sports Development: Obstacles and solutions in South Africa”. In The African Anthropologist, vol. 8, No. 1.
- Chiweshe, M. K. (2014). “The problem with African Football:Corruption, and the (under)development of the game on the continent”. In African Sports Law and Business Bulletin/2014.
- Keim, M. and de Coning, C. (ed.) (2014).Sports and Development Policy in Africa: Results of a Collaborate Study of Selected Country Cases. Cape Town: Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence for Sports Science and Development (ICESSD), University of Western Cape.
- Mwisukha, A. and Mabagala, S. (2011). “Governance challenges in sports in East Africa”. Unpublished paper presented at the international conference of the African Sports Management Association held on 2–4 December 2011, Kampala, Uganda. Available from http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/13541.
- Pannenborg, A. (2010): “Football in Africa: Observations about political, financial, cultural and religious influences”, NCDO Publication Series Sports& Development.
- Steiner, A (2008) “Challenges of sports development in Ghana”, 27 October 2008. Available from https://www.modernghana.com/news/188252/challenges-of-sports-development-in-ghana.html.
References
- "Women's sport participation and gender equality: African women in the beautiful game". Archived from the original on February 14, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
- "The History Of Soccer In Africa". NPR.org. 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- Darby, Paul (8 October 2013). Africa, Football and FIFA: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance - Paul Darby - Google Books. ISBN 9781135298340. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- Craig, Steve (2002). Sports and Games of the Ancients - Steve Craig - Google Books. ISBN 9780313316005. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- "12 things you didn't know about sports in Africa". 16 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- "Popularity and Participation of Sports in the Middle East and North Africa" (PDF). Revolutionsports.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
- "South African sport still divided by race | World news". Theguardian.com. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- Powell, Anita (2012-08-12). "African Countries: Olympic Medals Seem Elusive". Theroot.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-12. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- Baker, William J.; Mangan, James A., eds. (1987). Sport in Africa: essays in social history. New York: Africana Publishing Company. ISBN 0841909067. OCLC 15107411.
- "Olympics: Why Africa fell by the wayside". CNN.com. 2012-08-14. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- Djanie, Akua. "Why Did Africa Come To The London Olympics?". Newafricanmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- Edwards, Piers. "Own goal? Africa's shambolic sports management". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- "Sports in Africa: An untapped resource for development | Pambazuka News". Pambazuka.org. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
- Chadwick, Simon. "Why Africa's sports industry needs to step up to the plate". Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- John Luiz; Riyas Fadal. "An Economic Analysis of Sports Performance in Africa" (PDF). Econrsa.org. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
- e.V., Transparency International. "Press release - Transparency International Global Corruption Report: Sport highlights scale of corruption in Africa". Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- "NBA shoots for African basketball stars, courts new fan base - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- "Olajuwon: Godfather of basketball in Africa". NBA.com. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- Tunde Eludini (2016-04-30). "INTERVIEW: Africa Basketball League surpassing expectations – CEO - Premium Times Nigeria". Premiumtimesng.com. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- "NBA Africa Game a symbol of hope". Espn.co.uk. 2015-07-31. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- Willens, Max (2015-08-01). "In Africa, NBA Will Broadcast More Than 500 Games On TV, Broadband And Mobile Next Season Through Econet Partnership". Ibtimes.com. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- "NBA helping basketball grow in Africa with grassroots efforts". Usatoday.com. 2015-08-01. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- Mike Richman (2013-12-18). "Mandela Instrumental in Popularizing Basketball in Africa". Voanews.com. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- Wagg, Stephen (14 November 2017). Cricket: A Political History of the Global Game, 1945-2017: 1945 to 2012. Routledge. ISBN 9781317557296 – via Google Books.
- Duncan, Isabelle (2013). Skirting the Boundary: A History of Women's Cricket. London: Robson Press. ISBN 9781849545464.
- Aglietti, Stephanie (11 September 2014). "Rwanda cricket, growing a game of hope". Yahoo Sports. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Why cricket is gaining in popularity in Rwanda". BBC News. 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
- "Cricket World Cup: How the South African media reacted to the Black Caps' win - Sport - NZ Herald News". Nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- "The Nigerians bowled over by cricket - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. 2015-03-22. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- "Tunisia: the new North African home of ice hockey?". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
- "Cool Runnings: Tunisia's first ever ice hockey team hopes to make history". Middle East Eye. 2016-07-13. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
- "Ice hockey gaining ground in Tunisia". Africanews.com. 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
- "Montrealer keen to represent Tunisia in first-ever African Ice Hockey Cup - Montreal - CBC News". Cbc.ca. 2016-07-23. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
- "South Africa's Struggle To Fix Racism In Sports". 2 May 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- Fisher, Ryland (21 January 2013). "South African sport still divided by race". Retrieved 24 August 2016 – via The Guardian.
- David Ross Black; David R. Black; John Nauright (1998). Rugby and the South African Nation: Sport, Cultures, Politics, and Power in ... p. 122. ISBN 9780719049323. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Ben East. "Land of Second Chances: The Impossible Rise of Rwanda's Cycling Team by Tim Lewis – review | Books". The Guardian. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- "Kenya's cycling hero puts next generation on the right track - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- "Cycling in Eritrea: Saddled with problems". The Economist. 2014-09-13. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- "Lycra in Africa: A cycling dream come true | SBS News". Sbs.com.au. 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- Bouchier, Tom (2016-07-12). "Has African cycling arrived? - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- Dabbs, Brian (20 June 2012). "A Dream on Two Wheels: In Country of Runners, Kenyan Cycling Team Faces Uphill Climb". The New York Times.
- "Cycling Becomes More Inclusive: Tour de France's First Africa Team Stands Tall at the Podium". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- Smart, Tony (2013-07-23). "10 best golf courses in Africa - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Schreiner, Tanja (2014-02-14). "Dreaming of an African tennis champion". Voices of Africa. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Gary Morley (2011-07-22). "What does the future hold for African tennis? - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- "African Tennis Players No Longer Among World's Best". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- "Tennis programme serves hope in Kenya slum". Al Jazeera English. 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- "The story of Lagos' ill-fated 1976 Professional Tennis Tournament – Africa is a Country". Africasacountry.com. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- John Nauright (January 1997). Sport, Cultures, and Identities in South Africa. p. 115. ISBN 9780718500726. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Tim Oates (2008-10-07). "History of South African Sport: II. Boxing". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- "Africa has 4 'world' champions - SuperSport - Boxing". SuperSport. 2016-07-07. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Martin Cuddihy (2016-06-09). "Africa remembers boxing legend Muhammad Ali". The New Daily. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Bona Udeze (1967-02-06). Why Africa?: A Continent in a Dilemma of Unanswered Questions. p. 574. ISBN 9781436396844. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Edward Echwalu. "Ugandan women turn to boxing to escape the slum | News | Africa | M&G". Mg.co.za. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Scarlett Cornelissen; Albert Grundlingh (13 September 2013). Sport Past and Present in South Africa: (Trans)forming the Nation. p. 47. ISBN 9781317988595. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (1931-03-23). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. p. 109. ISBN 9781598843002. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- "Judo gains popularity as Kenya targets Africa conquest". Shanghai Daily. 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- "Splits, Government Suspicion, and Racial Tension". Black Belt. May 1966.
- "National Sports Authority, Ghana". Sportsauthority.com.gh. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-05.
- Resnekov, Liam (2014-07-16). "Love and Rebellion: How Two Karatekas Fought Apartheid | FIGHTLAND". Fightland.vice.com. Retrieved 2015-03-05.
- "EFC: The future of MMA resides in Africa". 18 July 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- "EFC: Extreme Fighting Championship". Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- "MMA warrior, Demarte Pena, still EFC Africa's featherweight champ". Daily Maverick. 2013-04-22. Retrieved 2016-07-25.
- "EFC Africa: Latest MMA Ratings Smash Other African Sports". Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- "Taekwondo grows dreams in Africa :: Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea". Korea.net. 2013-02-12. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Emilie Iob. "Ivorian Taekwondo Champions Head to Rio Olympics". Voanews.com. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- Zhang Jingya. "Faces of Africa 09/20/2015 Legacy of a Taekwondo Master Part 2". English.cntv.cn. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
- "Africa emerges as new taekwondo force but Korea reclaim top spot". Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- "Rio Olympics: Africa shines in taekwondo as Ivorian Cisse wins gold". 21 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- Macjob, Gbolahan Peter (24 February 2018). "Africans at the Winter Olympics: Inspirational - or glory-hunters?". Retrieved 8 March 2018 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- Charles P. Korr (2013-12-05). "Nelson Mandela saw sport as way to connect S. Africans". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- "For Nelson Mandela, sports were major weapon against racism". CNN.com. 2013-12-06. Retrieved 2015-03-31.