Sternorrhyncha

The Sternorrhyncha[1][2][3] suborder of the Hemiptera contains the aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects, groups which were traditionally included in the order Homoptera. "Sternorrhyncha" refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head.

Sternorrhyncha
An aphid.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Superfamilies

Aleyrodoidea
Aphidoidea
Coccoidea
Phylloxeroidea
Psylloidea

Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders (phytophagous), and many are major crop and ornamental pests.

Many exhibit modified morphology and/or life cycles, including phenomena such as flightless morphs, parthenogenesis, sexual dimorphism, and eusociality.

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the Sternorrhyncha, inferred from analysis of small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA, is shown in the cladogram.[4]

Sternorrhyncha
 

Psylloidea (jumping plant lice, etc)

 
 
 

Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies)

 
 
 

Coccoidea (scale insects)

 
Aphidomorpha
 

Phylloxeroidea (phylloxera bugs)

 
 

Aphididae (aphids)

 
 
 
 
 

Groups

Well-known groups in the Sternorrhyncha include:

References
  1. "ITIS standard report - Sternorrhyncha". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  2. Grimaldi & Engel (2005) Evolution of the Insects 289-303.
  3. Paraneoptera Species File (Version 5.0/5.0)
  4. "Phylogeny of Insects". What-When-How. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
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