Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing

Various people later asserted that there were a number of unusual circumstances, namely:

• At the 1983 Walsh Coronial Inquest it was stated by Terry Griffiths and others that there was a continuous police presence outside the building since the previous morning. This may have prevented anyone placing a large bomb into the rubbish bin while the police were there.[4]
• The ABC documentary Conspiracy showed the driver of the garbage truck, Bill Ebb, claiming that the bins would normally be emptied several times each day, but police had prevented three earlier trucks from emptying the bin that contained the bomb even though it was overflowing with rubbish.[5]
• The garbage bin had not been searched for bombs. Searching bins is normally a high priority, and is specified in New South Wales police permanent circular 135.[2]
• Army dog handler Keith Burley said that his dogs could smell very small quantities of explosives, and were expected to be used for the event. He said they were unexpectedly called off a few days prior without explanation.[2][5]
• The entire truck and all bomb fragments were dumped immediately afterwards at an unrecorded location. This prevented forensic evidence, such as the type of explosive used, from being gathered.[2] (This was compared to the detailed evidence retrieved from the Pan Am Flight 103 that exploded at 30,000 feet.[2])
• In 1983, William Reeve-Parker provided a statutory declaration that an army officer had admitted planting the bomb by switching rubbish bins 24 hours earlier.[4] Reeve-Parker denied knowledge of who the officer was, although he "had helped his son".[4] Reeve-Parker was never called as a witness at the coronial inquest.
• The officer-in-charge of police immediately after the bombing, Inspector Ian MacDonald, claimed there had been a "cover-up".[2]
• Former Attorney General of New South Wales Frank Walker and Federal Government Senator Gareth Evans had been told by a CSIRO scientist that under pressure from ASIO they had made two fake bombs in the week prior to the bombing. The bombs were designed not to explode but could do so in a garbage truck compactor.[3]
• The principal private secretary of a federal senator was told that the bomb squad was waiting nearby at this early hour of the morning.[4] That would suggest that they knew about the bomb. The government would not permit people from the bomb squad to be called as witnesses to the inquest.[5]
• Sgt Horton stated that he saw an occurrence pad entry that showed the warning call was received at 12:32, 8 minutes before the bomb exploded.[5] It was not relayed instantly to the police out front. At the inquest four other versions of this pad were shown, each timing the call at 12:40.[4]

Many of these issues were identified by Terry Griffiths, a former policeman who was seriously injured in the bombing, who had called for an inquiry.[2] Barry Hall QC, counsel for Griffiths, argued that ASIO may well have planted the bomb in order to justify their existence.[5]

The 1982 Walsh inquest had been terminated prematurely due to the finding of a prima facie case of murder. The Indian prime minister Morarji Desai claimed that Ananda Marga had attempted to kill him due to the imprisonment of the organisation's spiritual leader, Shrii Shrii Anandamurti. (There had been other alleged attacks by Ananda Marga, namely on 15 September 1977 the military attaché at the Indian Embassy, Colonel Singh and his wife, were attacked in Canberra. Just over a month later an Air India employee in Melbourne was stabbed.)[6] ASIO had infiltrated the Ananda Marga from 1976 and were monitoring it.[7]

In 1998, Ben Hills wrote an article called "The Hilton Fiasco", published in the Sydney Morning Herald. He argued that members of Ananda Marga were responsible for the Hilton bombing, saying that Evan Pederick was recruited for the bombing by Tim Anderson, while a man called Abhiik Kumar was the likely mastermind. He also asserted that ASIO had information which would have helped in the police investigation, but withheld it.[8]

In Who Bombed the Hilton? (2016), film-maker Rachel Landers addressed the accusation that the bins outside the Hilton were left unemptied, with a bomb secreted inside one of them, as part of a conspiracy by Australian police or security agencies. Landers asserts: "An enormous number of people are free to shove any number of objects (including an enormous placard) into the bin, lean on it or use it as a convenient seat over a very long period of time. For the conspiracists to be correct, the following have to be lying in their statements: seven garbage men (including a street sweeper), an accountant, two hippies, a sign-writer, a father of two out for the day with his kids, an anarchist and the Hilton commissionaire. They also have to be colluding with each other, the police who have been told to wave away garbage trucks and, one assumes, ASIO and their mates at Special Branch." Landers also draws attention to the activities of Abhiik Kumar. She maintains that Kumar had been in almost every country where there was a threat, an attack or cases of Margis being arrested for violence against an Indian national. This included Kumar being in Sydney the day before the Hilton bombing.[9]

In The Hilton Bombing: Evan Pederick and the Ananda Marga (2019), Imre Salusinszky argued that “not a single shred of evidence has emerged to support any of the conspiracy theories about the Hilton bombing." He said "the official cover-up, if indeed there is one, has remained tight as a drum".[10] Salusinszky gives a detailed account of Pederick's involvement in AM activities. This included planting the bomb outside the Hilton and then going to Brisbane on the same day. He also covers in detail Pederick's decision to confess to a Catholic priest after eleven years of guilt and torment.[11]

Workers cleaning up after the bombing[12]

The Hilton bombing was described in Parliament as the first and only domestic terrorist event in Australia.[2]

Prior to the bombing the security forces had been under considerable pressure. In South Australia, the White inquiry into their police special branch was very critical, and ties with ASIO were cut.[2] New South Wales was about to have a similar inquiry. After the bombing, the NSW inquiry was never held, and the Commonwealth increased support for the anti-terrorism activities of the intelligence services.[5]

In June 1978, members of the Ananda Marga organisation were implicated by a police informant, Richard John Seary.[13] No charges were laid regarding the Hilton bombing; however, three members of Ananda Marga — Tim Anderson, Paul Alister and Ross Dunn — were convicted of conspiracy to murder Robert Cameron, an ultra-right activist, four months after the Hilton attack. Following an inquiry by Justice James Wood in 1984, which found Seary’s evidence to be unreliable, the three men were pardoned and released.[14]

In 1989, Evan Pederick confessed to planting the bomb, and was convicted of murder and sentenced to 20 years in jail. At the time of the bombing, Pederick was a member of the Ananda Marga organisation. He alleged the attack was an attempt to assassinate the then prime minister of India, Morarji Desai, who was attending CHOGRM and staying at the Hilton.[11]

On 30 May 1989, Anderson was charged with the murder of Favell, Carter and Burmistriw based on evidence gained from a jailed bank-robber and serial escapee, Ray Denning. The following day Pederick surrendered himself to police in Brisbane and further implicated Anderson. Pederick alleged he had unsuccessfully attempted to detonate the bomb on the afternoon of Sunday 12 February 1978 as Desai arrived at the Hilton.[15]

Following Pederick’s conviction in 1989, Anderson was tried in the Supreme Court of NSW in 1990. Because Pederick’s admissions to police did not match the recorded movements outside the Hilton on 12 February 1978, the prosecution in the Anderson trial suggested Pederick had mistaken Desai’s arrival for the arrival of the then president of Sri Lanka, Junius Jayawardene. However, when evidence presented at the trial discredited this idea, the prosecution shifted ground and suggested Pederick had been looking at Desai leaving the hotel later on the Sunday afternoon. Anderson was convicted of three counts of murder on 25 October 1990.[16]

In 1991 Anderson was acquitted on appeal. Announcing the verdict, Chief Justice Murray Gleeson found: “The trial of the appellant miscarried principally because of an error which resulted in large part from the failure of the prosecuting authorities adequately to check aspects of the Jayawardene theory.”[17]

Following Anderson’s acquittal, Pederick sought an inquiry into his own conviction. It was rejected by the NSW Government in favour of an appeal, which was unsuccessful. Pederick was released from jail in November 1997 and returned to Western Australia. He is now an Anglican minister in Perth and continues to accept full responsibility for his role in the Hilton bombing.[11]

A few days after the bombing, Richard Seary offered his services to the police Special Branch as an informant. He expressed the view that the Ananda Marga society might be involved with the Hilton bombing; he soon infiltrated that organization, which had its headquarters in three adjacent houses in Queen Street, Newtown.[18]

On 15 June, Seary told Special Branch that members of Ananda Marga intended to bomb the home of Robert Cameron, a member of the far-right National Front of Australia, that night at his home in the Sydney suburb of Yagoona. Two members of the society — Ross Dunn and Paul Alister — were subsequently apprehended at Yagoona in Seary's company and charged with conspiracy to murder Robert Cameron.[5]

It was alleged that Dunn and Alister had intended to plant a bomb at Cameron's home. Dunn and Alister stated that they intended only to write graffiti at Cameron's home and had no knowledge of the bomb, which they claimed had been brought by Seary. Seary was considered by some to be an unreliable witness, having already given discredited evidence accusing Dunn and Alister at the initial Hilton bombing inquest, being a drug addict and a "mentally disturbed fantasizer".[13]

However, there was also some police evidence, and the prosecution had strongly associated the matter with the Sydney Hilton bombing.[13] The trial relating to the alleged plot to bomb Cameron's home began in February 1979, but the jury could not come to a verdict. A second trial was held in July and all three defendants were convicted.[13][19]

A coronial inquest into the bombing itself was eventually held in 1982.[5] Stipendiary Magistrate Walsh found a prima facie case of murder against two members of Ananda Marga – Ross Dunn and Paul Alister (but not Tim Anderson) – based on evidence from Richard Seary which was later discredited.[2]

Coronial inquiries are limited in their scope. No person appearing before the coroner has a right to subpoena evidence without permission from the coroner, and in this inquest Walsh rejected all applications.[20]

In 1984, the Attorney-General, Paul Landa, established an inquiry to investigate the convictions of Dunn, Alister and Anderson. The inquiry was similar to a Royal Commission, and was headed by Justice Wood. Richard Seary was in England at the time and did not take part, but after the inquiry he indicated that he was willing to take part. Justice Wood reconvened the inquiry and it ran through to February 1985. The result was that Justice Wood recommended the pardoning of the three, and they were released in 1985.[5] (The inquiry did not directly cover the Hilton Bombing.) The pardoned trio received compensation from the NSW Government. Alister ploughed his compensation money into land on Bridge Creek Road near Maleny, Queensland, which would become his home, and also the site of the Ananda Marga River School.[21]

According to Paul Alister's later assertions, points that emerged during the inquiry included:[22]

• Tapes of conversations between Richard Seary and his Special Branch contact showed that Seary had originally suggested that the Hare Krishna group might have been responsible for the Hilton bombing
• Police ignored the Hare Krishna suggestion and told Seary to spy on Ananda Marga.
• Seary infiltrated Ananda Marga one month later than he had originally stated in court
• Seary knew how to obtain explosives illegally, although he had said in court that he did not
• Seary had told police about the alleged Cameron bombing plan five days earlier than he originally stated
• Dr Emanuel Fischer, who had done a psychiatric assessment of Seary, said he was schizoid and psychopathic
• Seary's girlfriend Wendy said that Seary had told her that he had thought they were going to Robert Cameron's house to put up posters, and he had been surprised that explosives were brought along
• Wendy said that Seary had not volunteered to spy on Ananda Marga but had been pressured by the police
• Seary's friend Dok said that Seary had a plan to bomb an abattoir when he had been in the Hare Krishnas

In 1989, Anderson was re-arrested for the Sydney Hilton bombing, tried, convicted and sentenced to fourteen years. The crown prosecutor was Mark Tedeschi QC. However Anderson was acquitted in 1991 by the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal,[2] which held that the verdicts of guilty were unsafe and unsatisfactory. Chief Justice Gleeson concluded:

... there was one important respect in which, in my view, the proceedings miscarried ... The Crown was permitted, in an unfair manner, to obscure a major difficulty concerning the reliability of the evidence of its principal witness ... by raising an hypothesis that was not reasonably open on the evidence ... a direction given by the learned trial judge to the jury relating to the "sanity" of Pederick ... constitutes an additional reason for treating the verdicts as unsafe and the process at the trial as unsatisfactory ... The trial of the appellant miscarried principally because of an error which resulted in large part from the failure of the prosecuting authorities adequately to check aspects of the Jayewardene theory. This was compounded by what I regard as an inappropriate and unfair attempt by the Crown to persuade the jury to draw inferences of fact, and accept argumentative suggestions, that were not properly open on the evidence. I do not consider that in those circumstances the Crown should be given a further opportunity to patch up its case against the appellant. It has already made one attempt too many to do that, and I believe that, if that attempt had never been made, there is a strong likelihood that the appellant would have been acquitted.

Instead of ordering a new trial, the Court entered a judgement of acquittal.[23][24][25]

Pederick had confessed to the bombing and so was convicted without detailed scrutiny of his confession. However, in the Anderson appeal, Chief Justice Gleeson said Pederick's account of the bombing was "clearly unreliable".[2] Pederick's later appeal was rejected when he produced no evidence to explain why his original confession had been false. Pederick was released after serving eight years in jail and stated: "I guess I was quite unique in the prison system in that I had to keep proving my guilt, whereas everyone else said they were innocent."[26]

Paul Alister later speculated about Richard Seary's motives, saying he was a "wild card" because he seemed to have his own agenda.[27] He stated that Seary seemed to have a mixture of motives for what he said, and seemed to dislike the police. Seary's girlfriend indicated that Seary had been pressured by the police to find evidence that incriminated the "Margiis". Alister and his colleagues speculated that perhaps Seary was being blackmailed into informing because of his former activity as a drug addict. Seary had also been present when someone had died of a drug overdose; this may have given the police leverage over him because he could be charged.[28]

The two failed prosecutions against Tim Anderson and his friends have been cited examples of Australian miscarriages of justice, for example in Kerry Carrington's 1991 book Travesty! Miscarriages of Justice and in other law texts including notes on compensation practice.[29][30][31][32][33]

Richard Seary was born in Sydney in 1952.[34] His father John was a successful racer of motor bikes, but he abandoned the family in 1956. The children's mother also left not long after. Seary and his siblings were farmed out to various institutions, mostly in Queensland in Seary's case, because his father was living there. He had short-lived stays with his father, but was tormented by a stepmother he described as a psychopath.[34] He absconded from a Brisbane institution in 1968 and went to Sydney.

Seary subsequently became a drug addict and was convicted for heroin possession in 1971, but succeeded in breaking the habit.[35] He was then involved with the Hare Krishna group from 1972–74.[35] In 1974, through the Hare Krishnas, he met an English woman named Sally, who had a child from a previous relationship. They went to England, where Sally gave birth to a baby girl.[36] However, Seary and Sally split up at an early stage and Seary returned to Australia in 1976.

By early 1977, Seary was doing volunteer work as a Crisis Centre counsellor at the Wayside Chapel in Potts Point.[37] He went to England after the trial of the Ananda Marga members, but came back to Sydney in 1985 for the inquiry headed by Justice Wood.[38]

By 1992 he was doing welfare work at a church in Sydney. In late 1992, he fled to Queensland after an attempt was made on his life. In 2012 he published a book, Smoke'n'Mirrors: How the Australian People Were Screwed. In the introduction, he described himself as a spy and secret agent. He also stated that he was dying, without going into details.[39] He died in 2014.[40]

A plaque was unveiled at the site of the explosion in George Street on 13 February 2008, the 30th anniversary of the blast.

The then New South Wales Premier Morris Iemma commended Sydney City Council for restoring the memorial plaque to its original home, and said he hoped there will never be a need for another.[41]

Plaque for victims of the bombing

• List of disasters in Australia by death toll
• Juanita Nielsen

• Anderson, Tim (1992) the criminal justice system revisited (Bantam) ISBN 1863590552
• Alister, Paul (1997) Bombs, Bliss and Baba (Better World Books) ISBN 0-6463-4789-6
• Dellora, Daryl (1995) Conspiracy: Produced by Film Art Doco for Australian Broadcasting Corporation, documentary (shown on True Stories series).
• Reviews of Dellora -
  • Negus, George (2009) ABC George Negus discussion with Dellora.
  • Dixon, Norm (2008) Review of Dellora, Daryl and Ian Wansborough "The Hilton Bombing Revisited"
  • Freeman, Jane (6 February 1995) "The Hilton bombing" The Sydney Morning Herald
  • Head, Mike (13 February 2008) "30 years since Sydney’s Hilton Hotel bombing—the unanswered questions" World Socialist Web Site (International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI))
• Hills, Ben (4 November 2012). "Scams and Scoundrels, the Hilton Fiasco". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
• Humphries, David (1 January 2008). "How ASIO was caught on the hop". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 March 2008. Questions why ASIO could not stop Ananda Marga.
• Jiggens, John (1991). The Incredible Exploding Man: Evan Pederick & the Trial of Tim Anderson. Samizdat Press. ISBN 0-646-03899-0.
• Landers, Rachel (2016). Who Bombed the Hilton?. NewSouth Publishing. ISBN 9781742233512.
• Malloy, Sean (3 February 1993). "Hilton bombing victim calls for inquiry". Green Left. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2008. Long quote of Terry Griffiths.
• Molomby, Tom (1986) Spies, Bombs and the Path of Bliss, (Potoroo Press) ISBN 0-9497-6403-5
• "NSW Hansard". 19 September 1995. Retrieved 17 March 2008. (Search for "Hilton").
• Salusinszky, Imre (2019) The Hilton Bombing: Evan Pederick and the Ananda Marga Melbourne University Press ISBN 9780522875492
• Seary, Richard (2012) Smoke' n' Mirrors (Amazon) ASIN B007W34CF2

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard Seary.

• Richard Seary Photos and Information, from Neil Paton's web page
• Tim Anderson, Take Two, Bantam Books, 2002 web edition
• Paul Narada Alister, Bombs, Bliss and Baba: The Spiritual Autobiography Behind the Hilton Bombing, sample chapters