Testacella

Testacella; Temporal range: Lutetian-Recent[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Shelled Slug, Testacella haliotidea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Superorder:	Eupulmonata
Order:	Stylommatophora
Informal group:	Sigmurethra
Family:	Testacellidae; J. E. Gray, 1840[2]
Genus:	Testacella; Draparnaud, 1801[3]
Diversity[4]
	6 extant species cf.

Testacella is genus of small to medium-large, predatory, air-breathing, land slugs. They are terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Testacellidae, the shelled slugs. They are not often seen because they live underground.

Testacella maugei in the contracted state

Testacella is the only genus in the family, in other words it is a monotypic family. Testacella is the type genus of the family Testacellidae.[5]

Distribution

Species within this genus of slugs live in north Africa, southern and western Europe, and Britain.[1]

Species

Species within the genus Testacella include:

Subgenus Testacella Draparnaud, 1801

Testacella bisulcata Risso, 1826[4]
Testacella haliotidea Lamarck, 1801 - the shelled slug, the type species of the genus[4]
Testacella maugei Férussac, 1819[4]
Testacella riedeli Giusti, Manganelli & Schembri, 1995[4]
Testacella scutulum Sowerby I, 1821[4]

Subgenus Testacelloides A. J. Wagner, 1914[6][7]

Testacella gestroi Issel, 1873[4]

Description

These slugs have a very small, ear-shaped shell, which is situated far back on their bodies.

In the family Testacellidae, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 31 and 35 (according to the values in this table).[8]

Habitat

These slugs are rarely observed, but they tend to live in gardens and farms where there is rich soil and a lot of earthworms.

Life habits

These slugs live underground and hunt earthworms. They are usually only seen when they are forced up to the surface because the soil has become completely saturated with rain.

Drawing from 1896 showing the three species of Testacella found in Great Britain
1 - Testacella haliotidea
2 - Testacella scutulum
3 - Testacella maugei

References

"Family summary for Testacellidae". AnimalBase, last modified 8 August 2010, accessed 28 June 2011.
Gray J. E. (1840). [A new edition of] A manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British Isles by W. Turton. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. ix + 324 pp., 12 plates. page 109.
Draparnaud J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. 116 pp. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson). page 33, 99.
"Species in genus Testacella" (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 19 January 2011.
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Wagner A. J. (1914). Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 51: 335.
"Testacelloides A.J. Wagner, 1914". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 28 June 2011.
Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

External links

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[AB_Testacellidae-1] "Family summary for Testacellidae". AnimalBase, last modified 8 August 2010, accessed 28 June 2011.

[2] Gray J. E. (1840). [A new edition of] A manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British Isles by W. Turton. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. ix + 324 pp., 12 plates. page 109.

[3] Draparnaud J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. 116 pp. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson). page 33, 99.

[AB_list-4] "Species in genus Testacella" (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 19 January 2011.

[5] Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.

[6] Wagner A. J. (1914). Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 51: 335.

[7] "Testacelloides A.J. Wagner, 1914". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 28 June 2011.

[Barker-8] Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.