Tim Follin

As a child, Follin had no significant music training.[2] Leaving Liverpool's Sandown Music College after one year of studies,[2][3] Follin's career began at the age of 15 working at Insight Studios,[4] eventually scoring titles such as Agent X, Chronos, and Bubble Bobble for 8-bit computers such as the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. Follin ended up in video games due to his older brother Mike Follin learning how to program for the ZX Spectrum and obtaining professional work at Insight,[2][3] with one of Tim's first Insight works being the soundtrack to The Sentinel.[3] Mike gave Tim a brief tutorial on creating music on the Spectrum via machine code, and Tim later wrote the music driver and soundtrack for their first professional game, Subterranean Stryker.[5] After discovering how to create phasing sounds,[6] Follin was able to use a two-channel music driver[5] to further experiment and come up with an arrangement of Stravinsky's "The Firebird", used for the game Star Firebirds.[7] Follin graduated to three-channel music with his third soundtrack, Vectron.[5] In his early career, Follin's music was praised in magazine game reviews.[3]

Follin's sole game programming credit (not counting music drivers) came with his fourth title, Future Games, where he created one minigame of the several featured.[5]

Hired by Richard Kay, Tim followed brother Mike in moving to Software Creations[2] in 1987, his first full-time job, where he spent a significant portion of his career. Follin's arranged soundtrack to Bubble Bobble was his first written for a soundchip, the AY-3-8910.[5]

Follin wrote the music for Black Lamp in one night after a bout of writer's block.[3]

Within the level 1 music of Ghouls'n Ghosts for the Amiga is a voice sample played backwards saying "secret authority," considered nothing more than a joke by Follin.[8] Alongside Ghouls'n Ghosts, two other Amiga soundtracks, Sly Spy and Puzznic, were presented in the Amiga music format "Follin Player II."[9] To arcade soundtrack arrangements like Bionic Commando and Ghouls'n Ghosts, Follin added richer sound palette and occasionally composed some new songs (the title music of Ghouls'n Ghosts).

Follin described the NES title Solstice as "a very inspiring game to do music for," demanding atmospheric music within the game's dark castle environment, as well as powerful music choreographed with the title sequence.[10] Follin did not use a keyboard or any instruments for the Solstice soundtrack, composing while "thinking along the lines of the computer and not [...] a keyboard."[10] Follin felt the programming-only approach allowed him to work with "a more open mind."[10]

In a 1990 interview, Follin expressed "a bit of desolation" over the prospect of no longer composing for the Commodore 64, stating "I don't see myself staying with this machine," perhaps sensing the transition occurring in the European gaming marketplace as the third generation of video and computer game platforms reached its end.[1] Follin's final Commodore 64 release came with 1991's Gauntlet III.

Beside contributing the soundtrack with brother Geoff, Follin recorded live sound effects for 1993 SNES title Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends.[5]

Citing a declining work environment,[4] Follin departed Software Creations in 1993 (with his final title there being Rock N' Roll Racing).[7]

After leaving Software Creations, Follin joined Malibu Interactive for 18 months. While working for Malibu, Follin provided the soundtrack for Time Trax on the Sega Mega Drive and (along with brother Geoff) Prime for the Sega CD, doing "virtually nothing and getting paid"[8] for the following year before winding up out of work. Another title composed alongside brother Geoff, Firearm, went unpublished. Follin would spend the remainder of his video game career as a freelancer. Following Malibu Interactive's collapse, Follin then worked with groups that made unsuccessful game pitches to Psygnosis and the BBC.[8] Follin provided part of the soundtrack for Batman & Robin, developed by Probe.

Follin joined the development team of Ecco the Dolphin: Defender of the Future as the title's lead composer around mid-1998,[2] leaving Attila Heger no longer responsible for providing the entirety of the soundtrack. (Heger was made primarily responsible for scoring the game's cutscenes.)[11] Follin had been offered the composer position by Sega UK producer David Nulty, who was a fan of Follin's Commodore 64 work.[2] The soundtrack received very favourable reviews from Edge, DC-UK, and Official Dreamcast Magazine.[12]

The 2003 multiplatform release Starsky & Hutch was given a funk-style score by Follin, who said at the time, "This is the project I had hoped I would get one day. I've always loved Starsky & Hutch and it's [sic] original title music."[13] While with Software Creations, Follin had previously arranged the Starsky & Hutch television series' theme as the title music to the 1991 NES release Treasure Master.

Around August 2005, Follin announced on his website "with much delight" that he had chosen to stop composing music for video games, citing its irregular work not providing a substantial income, light-heartedly adding that the situation caused him "distress and illness." The tenuous nature of game development caused several instances of Follin being hired and subsequently having the project shelved. Follin noted that Starsky & Hutch had been in development for around three years before eventually being released.[7]

However, throughout 2012 to 2014, Follin worked on the video-based adventure game Contradiction as programmer, video editor and composer.[14]

His brothers Geoff Follin and Mike Follin also worked in the video game industry as musician and programmer respectively, with both having moved on to other careers. Much like his brothers, Follin has changed careers, choosing to pursue films, television advertising and graphic design. Follin never considered himself a gamer as much as a musician or developer.[7] Follin's website offers a brief overview of his video game music career.

Follin cited progressive rock[2][7] as well as many musicians (including Quincy Jones, Jethro Tull,[8] Led Zeppelin, and John Martyn[3]) as having had some casual or subconscious influence on his music, and has also enjoyed music by Deep Purple and Guns N' Roses.[1] However, he did not feel that any specific artist or style had been a primary inspiration during his career.[3] Follin acknowledged that in one instance he went for a more contemporary style when scoring the award-winning soundtrack[2] to Bionic Commando, actively choosing to mimic other people's music for fear of potentially losing his job.[3]

The soundtrack to Ecco the Dolphin: Defender of the Future may have been influenced by the works of American minimalist composer John Adams, whom Follin explicitly acknowledged as a current influence during the time he was completing the soundtrack, citing Adams' work as "the only minimalist stuff I've heard which struck a chord with me."[2]

Follin did not have much time to listen to the work of his musical contemporaries while in the video games industry, a situation he implied as having been a benefit to his career. Follin speculated that in actively listening to those works, he likely ran the risk of encountering ideas he had not thought of and subsequently becoming discouraged and/or prone to copycatting.[2]

Particularly in the earlier days of his career, Follin often composed game soundtracks while the games themselves were still in the writing stages, meaning that there was usually no frame of reference or genre objective in mind. Follin himself humorously felt these situations created many instances where the soundtrack was unsuited to the game, though at the time neither he nor any game developers had any issues. Given another chance, Follin said he would have given more effort toward making his earlier soundtracks better suited to the games, feeling that his failure to do so (despite the compositional quality) likely cost him future work. Back then, Follin instead focused on exploring the various consoles' audio limitations.[6][7] The technical limitations of the most primitive video game system soundchips made Follin's primary goals to create original sounds as well as not allow the resulting music to sound poor.[16]

Follin also never had the interest to join a demoscene group, though, near the end of his time working with Commodore platforms, he claimed he enjoyed himself when he made music.[1] Outside of Ghouls'n Ghosts however, Follin later described his Commodore 64 work as nonsense that he wasn't particularly happy with.[3]

Follin noted Ghouls'n Ghosts on the Commodore 64 as his favourite work,[2][7] though the game was a known entity, unlike many of Follin's early projects. Software Creations programmer Steve Ruddy, who created the music driver for the game (with design input from Follin)[18][19] recalled Follin describing a wide array of imagery for the title theme.[18] For the Ghouls'n Ghosts soundtrack, Follin retained parts of Tamayo Kawamoto's original arcade soundtrack within most tracks, only to transition into his own ideas for other portions of those tracks.[7] Similar circumstances resulted in Follin's soundtrack for Bionic Commando.[1]

Follin has found it difficult to listen to works he created, feeling them outdated by the time they were completed.[19] Follin disliked working with the Atari ST[3] and the ZX Spectrum's AY chip, feeling the NES had more character. While not feeling very successful composing music for the Amiga, Follin enjoyed working on soundtracks for the SNES and Commodore 64. He described writing for the C64's SID chip as "playing an instrument in its own right,"[8] appreciating the analogue sound it produced, despite having only three channels to work with.[2][3] Follin also recalled the SNES's Spider-Man/X-Men: Arcade's Revenge being fun due to the inclusion of cheesy '70s guitar synths and brass synths.[7]

Despite not considering himself adept at any live instruments, and composing several soundtracks beyond the fifth generation of video game consoles using samples, Follin disliked sampled music. Instead, Follin strove to make his music sound as close to live instrumentation as possible.[8] His most notable work using sampled instruments was the soundtrack to Ecco the Dolphin: Defender of the Future, an experience he enjoyed, but also felt frustrated with on account of "a lack of equipment and resources – such as a string orchestra and choir!"[4] Follin finds orchestral music inherently more human-sounding and listenable.[17]

Several contemporaries of Follin's have cited him as an inspiration or top composer including Richard Jacques,[20] Jesper Kyd,[21] David Wise,[22] Frédéric Motte,[23] Markus Schneider,[24] Matt "Gasman" Westcott,[6] Ramiro "Extremer" Vaca,[25] graphic artist Haydn Dalton,[26] and programmer Dean Belfield.[27] Frequent Software Creations collaborator Steve Ruddy, who programmed music drivers used by Follin with Follin's design input, marvelled "I had no idea how he made it do what it did," and described his music as "astonishing."[28]

Regarding fan communities dedicated to arranging video game music, including his own, Follin remarked, "It's really good. A lot of the stuff, you just think 'Well, that's much better than what I would have done...could do now.'"[7] Follin is consistently mentioned as a favourite composer among European musicians within the Commodore arrangement scene.

Alongside the music of fellow video game music composer Rob Hubbard, Follin's musical work in games was spotlighted in listening stations of the worldwide Game On exhibition, organised by the Barbican Art Gallery.[29]

Tim is married and has two school-age children. Tim, son of Marjorie Follin, was the youngest of three brothers, all of whom had careers in the video game industry. Oldest brother Michael Stuart (Mike) moved on after 16 years as a programmer to become an ordained minister in the Church of England. Middle brother Geoffrey Mark (Geoff), a fellow game composer who was proficient in several instruments, MIDI software, and reading sheet music, later went on to become a primary school teacher and later a part-time math tutor while occasionally composing music. Other family includes Auntie Janice Perkins, Uncle David Eaton, and his cousins Catherine and Rachel Perkins, of Liverpool.[32]

• Cifaldi, Frank (26 September 2005). "Playing Catch-Up: Tim Follin". Gamasutra (Interview).
• Sharples, Matt; Stowell, Dan (1 June 2005). "Chiptunes: Programme 1: ZX Spectrum Music". Flat Four Radio (Interview).
• Aldis, Neil (1 August 2003). "Starsky & Hutch Interview: Veteran Game Composer Tim Follin". Music 4 Games (Interview). Archived from the original on 27 May 2009.
• Mackenzie, Jason; Pilkington, Warren (1998). "Another groovy CZone exclusive interview from Kenz and Waz". Commodore Zone (Interview). Archived from the original on 17 December 2004.
• Aydin, Metin L. (1990). "Interview of the Month". Lethal News (Interview).