Killing in the Name

"Killing in the Name" is a protest song by American rock band Rage Against the Machine, featured on their self-titled debut album, and was released as the lead single from the album in November 1992.

This article is about the song. For the 2010 documentary, see Killing in the Name (film).
"Killing in the Name"
Single by Rage Against the Machine
from the album Rage Against the Machine
ReleasedNovember 2, 1992 (1992-11-02)
Genre
Length5:14
LabelEpic
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
  • Rage Against the Machine
  • Garth Richardson
Rage Against the Machine singles chronology
"Killing in the Name"
(1992)		 "Bullet in the Head"
(1992)
Rage Against the Machine reissued singles chronology
"Killing in the Name"
(2009)
Audio sample
  • file
  • help
Alternative cover
Australasia cover

Written about revolution against racism and authority abuse of power, "Killing in the Name" is widely recognized as the band's signature song, and has been noted for its distinctive guitar riffs and for the line "Some of those that work forces are the same that burn crosses."

In 1993, the song peaked at number 25 in the United Kingdom. In 2009, it became the Christmas number one; this was due to a campaign to prevent The X Factor winner's song from gaining the Christmas number one in the United Kingdom for a fifth successive year.

Recording

Tom Morello wrote the guitar riffs while teaching a student drop D tuning; he briefly paused the lesson to record the riff.[3] The band worked on the song the next day. According to Morello, "Killing in the Name" was created in a collaborative effort, combining his riff with "Timmy C.'s magmalike bass, Brad Wilk's funky, brutal drumming and Zack's conviction".[4] Like all Rage Against the Machine songs tuned to drop D, it was recorded on a Fender Telecaster.[5]

Composition

"Killing in the Name" has been described as "a howling, expletive-driven tirade against the ills of American society".[6] The uncensored version contains the word "fuck" 17 times.[7] The song builds in intensity, as Zack de la Rocha chants the line "Fuck you, I won't do what you tell me", murmuring the line the first four times, building in a crescendo the next four times and angrily screaming the line the final eight times culminating with De La Rocha's screaming "Motherfucker!"[8]

The song's lyrics were inspired by the Rodney King case, where after a high-speed police chase the black suspect King was beaten by several white law enforcement officers, and the subsequent 1992 Los Angeles riots sparked by the acquittal of the officers involved.[9][10][11] The refrain "some of those that work forces are the same that burn crosses" draws a link between the Los Angeles Police Department and the Ku Klux Klan.[12] BBC News refers to "Killing in the Name" as railing against "the military–industrial complex, justifying killing for the benefit of, as the song puts it, the chosen whites".[13]

Release

"Killing in the Name" was originally released as part of a 12-song self-released cassette. The band's first video for "Killing in the Name" did not receive heavy airplay in the United States due to the explicit lyrics. The song received substantial airplay in Europe and drove the band's popularity outside its home country.[14]

After signing with Epic Records, the band released their self-titled debut album on November 12, 1992. It reached triple platinum status, driven by heavy radio play of "Killing in the Name".[7] The album also included the singles "Freedom" and "Take the Power Back".[14]

Controversies

On February 21, 1993, BBC Radio 1 DJ Bruno Brookes accidentally played the full uncensored version of the song on his Top 40 Countdown, leading to 138 complaints.[15] Brookes was recording an advertisement for next week's Top 40 Countdown while the song played. The incident has subsequently been referred to by numerous British rock media.[7][13] The song drew controversy again in Britain in November 2008, when it was played over the speakers in an Asda supermarket in Preston, Lancashire, prompting numerous complaints from customers. Asda subsequently issued an apology.[13][16][17]

In 2012, Tom Morello criticized the UK Independence Party (UKIP) for using "Killing in the Name" in rallies. Morello wrote on Twitter:[18]

Tom Morello Twitter
@tmorello

Hey UKIP and Nigel Farage: Stop using 'KILLING IN THE NAME' for your racist/rightwing rallies. We are against everything you stand for. STOP. IT.

Sep 21, 2012[19]

Following the 2020 United States elections, a video of pro-Trump protesters dancing to "Killing in the Name" was widely shared on social media. Commentators saw it as a misappropriation of the song; Rage Against the Machine responded in a tweet: “They just don't GET IT do they?"[20]

2009 UK Christmas number one campaign

In early December 2009, English DJ Jon Morter and his wife Tracy launched a group on the social networking site Facebook encouraging people to buy the song in the week before Christmas. They hoped to prevent the winner of The X Factor, a televised singing competition, from achieving the UK Christmas number one for the fifth year running.[21][22] On December 15, the BBC reported the group had more than 750,000 members.[23]

As the X Factor song was donating some of the profits to charity[24] the Rage against X Factor campaign encouraged supporters also to give to charity. Alongside the group, a Justgiving page was created to raise money for homeless charity Shelter which, as of 20 December, had raised over £70,000 (approximately $110,000).[25]

After X Factor creator Simon Cowell denounced the campaign as "stupid" and "cynical,"[26] the group gained more attention and was mentioned on various UK news channels, radio stations and websites. Rage Against the Machine added their support. Morello said that achieving the Christmas number one would be "a wonderful dose of anarchy" and that he planned to donate the unexpected windfall to charity.[27][28] Dave Grohl, Muse, Them Crooked Vultures, Liam Howlett and The Prodigy were among many musicians and celebrities supporting the campaign.[24][29][30] The campaign received support from Paul McCartney, who had appeared on The X Factor with the finalists,[31][32] and X Factor contestants Jedward.[33] Critics noted that both The X Factor and Rage Against the Machine are signed to labels that are part of Sony BMG;[23][34][35] Morello dismissed conspiracy claims as ridiculous.[36][37] Kasabian's Tom Meighan and Sergio Pizzorno expressed their happiness at the campaign's success in an NME interview and criticised The X Factor.[38]

Rage Against the Machine attracted controversy when they performed an uncensored rendition of the song on BBC Radio 5Live in mid-December 2009, despite the hosts asking them to censor the expletives. During the crescendo of their performance, frontman Zack De La Rocha started out only singing "I won't do what you tell me", with a pause where he normally sings "fuck you", but after a few lines, he screamed the lyrics, "Fuck you, I won't do what you tell me" repeatedly. Hosts Nicky Campbell and Shelagh Fogarty apologized afterward.[27][39]

On December 20, 2009, BBC Radio 1 revealed the song had reached the number one spot, selling more than 500,000 copies and being the first download-only single to become the UK Christmas number one.[25] The following week, Joe McElderry's cover of "The Climb" became the last British UK number one single of the year and the 2000s. Killing In The Name dropped to number two, falling 38 places to number 40 the week after,[40][41] and dropping out of the top 75 the following week, falling to number 100.[42]

The campaign spread to Ireland, where, like the UK, the Christmas number one had been dominated by X Factor finalists for five years. The campaign was less successful in Ireland and McElderry beat Rage Against the Machine to Christmas number one, with Rage Against the Machine reaching number two.[43]

On June 6, 2010, Rage Against the Machine performed at a free concert for 40,000 fans in Finsbury Park.[44] On stage, Tracy and Jon Morter were handed a representative cheque in the amount of £162,713.03, representing the proceeds from donations to JustGiving and royalties from sales of the single.[45]

As a result of the campaign, the song is featured in the 2011 UK edition of the Guinness World Records under the category of 'Fastest-selling digital track (UK)', after recording 502,672 downloads in its first week.[46]

Music video

The video, produced and directed by Peter Gideon, a guitar student of Tom Morello who had a video camera, was filmed during two shows in small Los Angeles venues, the Whisky a Go Go and the Club With No Name. Released in December 1992, the uncensored version of the video clip was shown on European MTV but was banned on American MTV because of the explicit lyrics. As a result, the video's existence was in doubt until its release on Rage Against the Machine: The Video.[14]

Artwork

The cover of the CD-single is Malcolm Browne's Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of Thích Quảng Đức's self-immolation in Saigon in 1963 in protest of the murder of Buddhists by the US-backed Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm's regime. This photograph is also used as the cover of the eponymous Rage Against the Machine album.[7]

The cover of the Australian version of the CD-single has the words "killing in the name", in large, red block capitals, and a much smaller and tightly cropped version of the photograph in the bottom right-hand corner.[3]

Accolades

In July 2009, "Killing in the Name" was voted at number two in the Hottest 100 of all time countdown poll, conducted by Australian radio station, Triple J. More than half a million votes were cast in.[3] The song was also voted at number 17 in the 1998 edition of Hottest 100 of All Time and was voted number 6 on the Hottest 100 list in 1993.

In 2007, "Killing in the Name" earned a spot on Guitar World's list of the "100 Greatest Guitar Solos" at number 89.[47][48]

In 2002, Rolling Stone magazine listed "Killing in the Name" as the 24th in its 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time.[4]

In 2010, the New Statesman listed it as number 12 on their list of the "Top 20 Political Songs" as voted for by the Political Studies Association.[11]

In 2010, 2011 and 2012, The Rock radio station in New Zealand have held the Rock 1000 countdown which counts down the top 1000 rock songs of all time, as voted by the public; in 2010 and 2011, the song was in the top five, while in 2012, the song featured at number seven. In 2011 and 2012, "Killing in the Name" was played uncensored, with a preceding message from the Prime minister, John Key, approving the playing of the uncensored version of the song due to the large number of complaints received by MediaWorks New Zealand regarding the 2010 countdown not giving any warning that the song was uncensored.[49] In 2017, Killing In The Name made it to number 1 in the Rock 1500 and was presented by long serving broadcaster, Roger Farrelly.[50][49]

Live performances
Rage Against the Machine burning the American flag onstage while playing "Killing in the Name" during Woodstock 1999.

The song was performed as an extended instrumental at their first public performance at Cal State in the Quad, on October 23, 1991. Bassist Tim Commerford is known to chant the backing vocals of "now you do what they told ya" of the chorus during most live performances.

Zack de la Rocha sometimes changes the lyrics in the second verse from "Some of those that work forces are the same that burn crosses" to "Some of those that burn crosses are the same that hold office" when playing live.[51]

As part of supergroup Audioslave, guitarist Tom Morello incorporated instrumentals from Rage Against the Machine including versions of Killing in the Name into their performances.[52]

Rage Against the Machine performed the song live in 1999 at the Woodstock '99 festival, burning the American flag during the song. In this performance, de la Rocha changed the lyrics to "Some of those that work forces are the same that burn churches".[53]

Track listing
No.TitleLength
1."Killing in the Name"5:13
2."Darkness of Greed"3:40
3."Clear the Lane"3:47
Total length:12:40

"Darkness of Greed" and "Clear the Lane" were re-mastered versions of the respective demo tracks. Another version of "Darkness of Greed", titled merely "Darkness", was included on the 1994 soundtrack album for The Crow. The previously unreleased demo appeared on the XX 20th Anniversary Edition of their debut album, which was released on November 27, 2012.[54]

Personnel

Charts

Weekly
Chart Year Position
UK Singles Chart[55] 1993
25
ARIA Charts[56] 1993
7
New Zealand Charts 1993
8
Dutch Singles Chart 1993
13
Irish Singles Chart[57][58] 2009
2
Scotland Singles Chart[59] 2009
2
UK Singles Chart[25] 2009
1
European Hot 100 Singles[60] 2009
4

Year-end
Chart (1993) Position
Australia (ARIA)[61] 25
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[62] 32

Decade-end
Chart (2000–2009) Position
UK Top 100 Songs of the Decade[63] 36

All-time
Chart Position
UK Download Chart (All Time)[64] 79

Certifications
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[61] Platinum 70,000^
Italy (FIMI)[65] Gold 25,000
United Kingdom (BPI)[66] 2× Platinum 1,200,000

^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone

Other uses
Lyrics from "Killing in the Name" appear throughout popular culture.

During one of his last performances before he died, American comedian Bill Hicks ended a set by smashing his microphone against a stool while singing along to "Killing in the Name" playing over the loudspeakers.[67]

As part of the US War on Terror, the song was used by military interrogators at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. Music was played at painfully high volume levels for hours on end, as a form of psychological torture. "The fact that music I helped create was used in crimes against humanity sickens me," noted Morello.[13][68][69][70]

During the 2019–20 Chilean protests, the song was covered with some of the lyrics modified alluding to the Chilean police force's misuse of violence in repressing peaceful protestors.[71]

In television

In the Daria episode "The Big House", the opening guitar riffs from "Killing in the Name" can be heard in the background in the scene where Daria Morgendorffer is reading a book while her sister Quinn is pacing back and forth.[72]

The song featured in the British television series Skins. Metal music fan Rich Hardbeck tells ballerina Grace Blood to stick up for herself, he encourages her using the song as an example, and has her chant the chorus.[73]

The song also plays in the South Park episode "Guitar Queer-O".[74]

In video games

"Killing in the Name" is featured on fictional alternative rock station Radio X in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.[75]

A cover version of "Killing in the Name" is a playable song in the Guitar Hero II video game for PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360.[76] The song reappears in Guitar Hero: Smash Hits, also for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360 as well as the Nintendo Wii and PlayStation 3, where it is a master recording. The song's lyrics are altered in both games to remove the expletives.

The song is offered as downloadable content for the guitar games Rock Band 3, released in March 2012, and Rocksmith 2014, released in December 2014.

Cover versions

References
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