Toyota Dynamic Force engine

The Dynamic Force engines are a family of petrol engine series developed by Toyota under the brand's New Global Architecture (TNGA) strategy. The engines were developed alongside the TNGA family of vehicle platforms, as part of a company-wide effort to simplify the vehicles being produced by Toyota.

Toyota Dynamic Force engine
Toyota's A25A-FKS straight-four engine installed in the XV70 series Camry, the first vehicle to offer a Dynamic Force engine
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Production2017–present
Layout
Configuration
Displacement1,490–3,444 cc (90.9–210.2 cu in)
Block materialAluminium alloy
Head materialAluminium alloy
ValvetrainDOHC
Combustion
Fuel typePetrol/petrol hybrid
Cooling systemWater-cooled

The engine is used in various Toyota and Lexus models starting with the four-cylinder A25A type installed in XV70 series Camry in June 2017.

Overview

The engine was developed as an engine that is claimed to achieve both driving performance and environmental performance while pursuing high efficiency and low fuel consumption as well as having a "direct feeling, smooth and pleasant acceleration performance".

Specifically, the cylinder head and intake port design improves the tumble flow (longitudinal vortex) to increase the air intake volume–the majority of intake flow is across that portion of the valve closest to cylinder centerline. Other methods include:

  • Expansion of the valve clamping angle. The angle between intake and exhaust valve centerline is 41 degrees–the previous design was 31 degrees.
  • Hydraulically variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust camshafts.
  • Very high compression moderated by Atkinson cycle (intake valve held open when piston is rising on compression stroke, particularly preventing engine "knock" in low speed operation).
  • Longer bore and stroke ratio (under-square design).
  • Change of port end shape and expansion of seat inner diameter.
  • Application of updated D-4S (multi-hole injector) system to achieve "high-speed combustion", resulting in thermal efficiency over 40%.
  • Cylinder centerline is offset from crankshaft centerline, meaning that piston top dead center is always equivalent to several degrees of crankshaft rotation.

In development and production of the engine, Toyota claims it would be a completely new engine design based on the TNGA strategy.

Previously, Toyota offered about 800 engine variants, most of which would be replaced with a much simpler lineup of 17 versions of nine Dynamic Force engines.[1][2] Toyota is also simplifying its lineup of transmissions, hybrid systems, and all-wheel drive systems.

Starting with the four-cylinder A25A type installed in XV70 series Camry in June 2017, the V6 V35A and four-cylinder M20A types have also appeared. On 16 October 2019, the three-cylinder M15A type, which would be installed in the XP210 series Yaris (specially designed for Japan, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand), was officially announced.[3]

The Dynamic Force engines introduced an updated nomenclature system for Toyota engines and no longer employ the traditional iteration or generation of the engine followed by the one letter or two letter designation for the engine family (such as 5M-GE or 4GR-FE being from the M and GR engine families respectively) and instead incorporate the engine's displacement in between a two letter code such as the M20A, with the "20" denoting a 2.0-litre engine.

Common key technologies
  • High speed combustion technologies:
    • Long stroke (stroke/bore ≒ 1.2)
    • Wider angle between the intake and exhaust valve
    • High efficiency intake port with laser cladded valve seat
    • High compression ratio up to 14.0:1
    • High energy ignition coil
    • Updated D-4S system
    • Multi-hole direct injector
  • Variable cooling system:
    • Motor driven water pump
    • Heated thermostat
  • Continuous variable-capacity oil pump
  • Low viscosity engine oil
  • Water jacket spacer
  • Piston with laser pit skirt
  • Drilled passage between cylinder bores
  • VVT-iE
  • Small-concave-profile camshaft
  • Compact HLA
  • High strength connecting rod
  • High response intake air control
  • Fuel injection control (multi-injection)
  • Cylinder heads with built-in EGR cooler function
  • Updated catalyst
  • Exhaust manifold layout change
  • Piston oil jet control

M15A
M15A
Overview
Production2020–present
Layout
ConfigurationI3
Displacement1,490 cc (90.9 cu in)
Cylinder bore80.5 mm (3.169 in)
Piston stroke97.6 mm (3.843 in)
Compression ratio
  • 13.0:1 (M15A-FKS)
  • 14.0:1 (M15A-FXE)
Combustion
Fuel system
  • D-4S direct/port injection (M15A-FKS)
  • Multi-port injection (M15A-FXE)
Fuel type
  • Petrol (M15A-FKS)
  • Petrol hybrid (M15A-FXE)
Output
Power output
  • 88–92 kW (118–123 hp; 120–125 PS) (M15A-FKS)
  • 67 kW (90 hp; 91 PS) (M15A-FXE)
Specific power
  • 59.1–61.7 kW (79–83 hp; 80–84 PS) per litre (M15A-FKS)
  • 45 kW (60 hp; 61 PS) per litre (M15A-FXE)
Torque output
  • 145–153 N⋅m (107–113 lb⋅ft) (M15A-FKS)
  • 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) (M15A-FXE)
Chronology
Predecessor

The M15A engine family is an straight-three engine series that was first introduced in 2019 for the XP210 series Yaris.[3]

Series Model Applications Vehicle model code Power Torque Years Notes
M15A M15A-FKS Yaris MXPA10
MXPA11
MXPA15		 Japan, Australia, and New Zealand: 88 kW (118 hp; 120 PS) at 6,600 rpm
Europe: 92 kW (123 hp; 125 PS) at 6,600 rpm[4]		 Japan, Australia, and New Zealand: 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,200 rpm
Europe: 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,000 rpm		 2020–present
GR Yaris RS MXPA12 88 kW (118 hp; 120 PS) at 6,600 rpm 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,200 rpm 2020–present Japan only
Yaris Cross MXPB10
MXPB15		 2020–present
Corolla 92 kW (123 hp; 125 PS) at 6,600 rpm 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) at 4,800–5,000 rpm 2020–present
M15A-FXE Yaris Hybrid MXPH10
MXPH11
MXPH15		 67 kW (90 hp; 91 PS) at 5,500 rpm 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) at 3,800–4,800 rpm 2020–present
Yaris Cross Hybrid MXPJ10
MXPJ15		 2020–present

M15A-FKS

The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieving 40% thermal efficiency.

Applications:

  • 2020–present Yaris (MXPA10/MXPA11/MXPA15)
  • 2020–present GR Yaris RS (MXPA12)
  • 2020–present Yaris Cross (MXPB10/MXPB15)
  • 2020–present Corolla[5]

M15A-FXE

The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieving 41% thermal efficiency.

Applications:

  • 2020–present Yaris Hybrid (MXPH10/MXPH11/MXPH15)
  • 2020–present Yaris Cross Hybrid (MXPJ10/MXPJ15)

M20A
M20A
M20A-FKS engine in the 2019 Corolla hatchback
Overview
Production2018–present
Layout
ConfigurationI4
Displacement1,986 cc (121.2 cu in)
Cylinder bore80.5 mm (3.169 in)
Piston stroke97.6 mm (3.843 in)
Compression ratio
  • 13.0:1 (M20A-FKS/M20A-FKB)
  • 14.0:1 (M20A-FXS)
Combustion
Fuel systemD-4S direct/port injection
Fuel type
  • Petrol (M20A-FKS)
  • Petrol flex fuel (M20A-FKB)
  • Petrol hybrid (M20A-FXS)
Output
Power output
  • 125–131 kW (168–176 hp; 170–178 PS) (M20A-FKS)
  • 130 kW (174 hp; 177 PS) (M20A-FKB)
  • 107–112 kW (143–150 hp; 145–152 PS) (M20A-FXS)
Specific power
  • 62.9–66 kW (84–89 hp; 86–90 PS) per litre (M20A-FKS)
  • 65.5 kW (88 hp; 89 PS) per litre (M20A-FKB)
  • 53.9–56.4 kW (72–76 hp; 73–77 PS) per litre (M20A-FXS)
Torque output
  • 200–210 N⋅m (148–155 lb⋅ft) (M20A-FKS)
  • 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) (M20A-FKB)
  • 188–190 N⋅m (139–140 lb⋅ft) (M20A-FXS)
Emissions
Emissions control technologyULEV50
Chronology
Predecessor

The M20A engine family is an straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2018 for the E210 series Corolla.

Series Model Applications Vehicle model code Power Torque Years Notes
M20A M20A-FKS Corolla/Auris/Allion/Levin GT MZEA12 Corolla/Auris: 125 kW (168 hp; 170 PS) at 6,600 rpm
Allion/Levin GT: 131 kW (176 hp; 178 PS) at 6,600 rpm		 Corolla/Auris: 202 N⋅m (149 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm
Allion/Levin GT: 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm		 2018–present Used in Auris exclusively in Taiwan until July 2020. Used in Allion/Levin GT exclusively in China starting 2021
Camry MXVA71 131 kW (176 hp; 178 PS) at 6,600 rpm 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm 2019–present China only
Avalon MXXA50 2019–present China only
C-HR/IZOA MAXA10 126 kW (169 hp; 171 PS) at 6,600 rpm 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,800 rpm 2018–present China only
RAV4/Wildlander MXAA52
MXAA54		 Japan and China: 126 kW (169 hp; 171 PS) at 6,600 rpm
Australia: 127 kW (170 hp; 173 PS) at 6,600 rpm		 Japan: 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm
China: 209 N⋅m (154 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,000 rpm
Australia: 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–4,900 rpm		 2018–present Wildlander is only available in China since 2020
Harrier MXUA80
MXUA85		 126 kW (169 hp; 171 PS) at 6,600 rpm 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm 2020–present
Lexus ES 200 MXZA10 128 kW (172 hp; 174 PS) at 6,600 rpm 209 N⋅m (154 lb⋅ft) at 4,000–5,200 rpm 2020–present
Lexus UX 200 MZAA10 2018–present
M20A-FKB Corolla MZEA12 130 kW (174 hp; 177 PS) at 6,600 rpm 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 2020–present Brazil only
M20A-FXS Corolla Hybrid MZEH12 112 kW (150 hp; 152 PS) at 6,000 rpm 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) at 4,400–5,200 rpm 2018–present Europe only
C-HR Hybrid MAXH10 2020–present Europe only
Lexus UX 250h/260h MZAH10
MZAH15		 107 kW (143 hp; 145 PS) at 6,000 rpm 188 N⋅m (139 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 2018–present Known as UX 260h in China

M20A-FKS

The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieving 40% thermal efficiency.

Applications:

M20A-FKB

The flex fuel version with 13.0:1 compression ratio.

Applications:

M20A-FXS

The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieving 41% thermal efficiency.[7]

Applications:

A25A/A25B
A25A/A25B
A25A-FXS engine in the 2018 Crown Hybrid
Overview
Production2017–present
Layout
ConfigurationI4
Displacement2,487 cc (151.8 cu in)
Cylinder bore87.5 mm (3.445 in)
Piston stroke103.4 mm (4.071 in)
Compression ratio
  • 13.0:1 (A25A-FKS/A25A-FKB)
  • 14.0:1 (A25A-FXS/A25B-FXS)
Combustion
Fuel systemD-4S direct/port injection
Fuel type
  • Petrol (A25A-FKS)
  • Petrol flex fuel (A25A-FKB)
  • Petrol hybrid (A25A-FXS/A25B-FXS)
Output
Power output
  • 151–154 kW (202–207 hp; 205–209 PS) (A25A-FKS)
  • 154 kW (207 hp; 209 PS) (A25A-FKB)
  • 130–139 kW (174–186 hp; 177–189 PS) (A25A-FXS/A25B-FXS)
Specific power
  • 60.7–61.9 kW (81–83 hp; 83–84 PS) per litre (A25A-FKS)
  • 61.9 kW (83 hp; 84 PS) per litre (A25A-FKB)
  • 52.3–55.9 kW (70–75 hp; 71–76 PS) per litre (A25A-FXS/A25B-FXS)
Torque output
  • 247–252 N⋅m (182–186 lb⋅ft) (A25A-FKS)
  • 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) (A25A-FKB)
  • 219–237 N⋅m (162–175 lb⋅ft) (A25A-FXS/A25B-FXS)
Chronology
Predecessor

The A25A/A25B engine family is an straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XV70 series Camry.

Series Model Applications Vehicle model code Power Torque Years Notes
A25A A25A-FKS Camry AXVA70
AXVA75		 US: 151.5–153.5 kW (203–206 hp; 206–209 PS) at 6,600 rpm (FWD); 151 kW (202 hp; 205 PS) at 6,600 rpm (AWD)
China: 154 kW (207 hp; 209 PS) at 6,600 rpm		 US: 249–252 N⋅m (184–186 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm (FWD); 247 N⋅m (182 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm (AWD)
China: 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm		 2017–present
Avalon AXXA50
AXXA55		 153–154 kW (205–207 hp; 208–209 PS) at 6,600 rpm 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm 2018–present China (FWD) and US (AWD, since 2020) only
RAV4 AXAA52
AXAA54		 US: 151.5 kW (203 hp; 206 PS) at 6,600 rpm
Australia: 152 kW (204 hp; 207 PS) at 6,600 rpm		 US: 249 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm
Australia: 243 N⋅m (179 lb⋅ft) at 4,000–5,000 rpm		 2018–present
Lexus ES 250/260 AXZA10
AXZA15		 151–152 kW (202–204 hp; 205–207 PS) at 6,600 rpm 247 N⋅m (182 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm 2018–present Known as ES 260 in China
A25A-FKB Camry AXVA70 154 kW (207 hp; 209 PS) at 6,600 rpm 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm 2018–present Thailand only
A25A-FXS Camry Hybrid/Daihatsu Altis AXVH70
AXVH75		 131 kW (176 hp; 178 PS) at 5,700 rpm 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm 2017–present Daihatsu Altis is only available in Japan
Avalon Hybrid AXXH50 2018–present
Crown Hybrid AZSH20
AZSH21		 135 kW (181 hp; 184 PS) at 6,000 rpm 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,800–5,400 rpm 2018–present
RAV4 Hybrid AXAH52
AXAH54		 131 kW (176 hp; 178 PS) at 5,700 rpm 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm 2018–present
RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid/Prime/Suzuki Across AXAP54 130 kW (174 hp; 177 PS) at 6,000 rpm Japan: 219 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) at 3,600 rpm
US: 228 N⋅m (168 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm		 2020–present Suzuki Across is only available in Europe
Harrier Hybrid/Venza AXUH80
AXUH85		 131 kW (176 hp; 178 PS) at 5,700 rpm 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm 2020–present Venza is only available in North America
Highlander Hybrid/Kluger Hybrid AXUH70
AXUH78		 139 kW (186 hp; 189 PS) at 6,000 rpm 237 N⋅m (175 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 2019–present Kluger Hybrid will be only available in Australia in 2021
Sienna AXLH40
AXLH45		 2020–present
Lexus ES 300h AXZH10 131 kW (176 hp; 178 PS) at 5,700 rpm 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm 2018–present
A25B A25B-FXS RAV4 Hybrid (China)/Wildlander Hybrid AXAH52
AXAH54		 131 kW (176 hp; 178 PS) at 5,700 rpm 221 N⋅m (163 lb⋅ft) at 3,600–5,200 rpm 2019–present Wildlander Hybrid is available in China since 2020

A25A-FKS

The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieving 40% thermal efficiency.

Applications:

  • 2017–present Camry (AXVA70/AXVA75)
  • 2018–present RAV4 (AXAA52/AXAA54)
  • 2018–present Lexus ES 250/260 (AXZA10/AXZA15)
  • 2018–present Avalon (AXXA50/AXXA55)

A25A-FKB

Version used in Thailand with E85 ethanol fuel capable.[8]

Applications:

  • 2018–present Camry (AXVA70)

A25A-FXS

The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieving 41% thermal efficiency.[9][10]

Applications:

A25B-FXS

Version used only in China which is largely identical to the A25A-FXS engine.

Applications:

V35A
V35A
Overview
Production2017–present
Layout
Configuration60° V6
Displacement3,444 cc (210.2 cu in)
Cylinder bore85.5 mm (3.366 in)
Piston stroke100.0 mm (3.937 in)
Compression ratio10.5:1
Combustion
TurbochargerTwin turbo
Fuel systemD-4ST direct/port injection
Fuel typePetrol
Output
Power output310 kW (416 hp; 421 PS)
Specific power90 kW (121 hp; 122 PS) per litre
Torque output600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft)
Chronology
Predecessor1UR-FE/1UR-FSE (V8)

The V35A engine is a V6 engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XF50 series Lexus LS.

Series Model Applications Vehicle model code Power Torque Years Notes
V35A V35A-FTS Lexus LS 500 VXFA50
VXFA55		 310 kW (416 hp; 421 PS) at 6,000 rpm 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–4,800 rpm 2017–present

V35A-FTS

The twin-turbocharged version with 10.5:1 compression ratio. Pumping losses have been reduced by electrification of the waste gate of the twin turbo system. The engine achieves 37% thermal efficiency.[11]

Applications:

See also

References
  1. Reynolds, Kim (7 May 2015). "How the Toyota New Global Architecture Will Impact Mass-Car Building". Motor Trend. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  2. "Features of Toyota's New Powertrain". Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  3. "Toyota's New Model Yaris Makes World Premiere" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  4. https://paultan.org/2020/07/29/2020-toyota-yaris-detailed-for-europe-125-ps-petrol-and-116-ps-hybrid-with-1-5-litre-na-three-cylinder/
  5. "Toyota Corolla Sedan, 1.5 Dynamic Force motora kavuştu" [Toyota Corolla Sedan gets 1.5 Dynamic Force engine]. Motor1.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  6. https://ftms.com.cn/buycar/cartype/detail/avalon
  7. "2.0-liter Dynamic Force Engine, a New 2.0-liter Direct-injection, Inline 4-cylinder Gasoline Engine" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 26 February 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  8. "อุปกรณ์มาตรฐานและข้อมูลทางเทคนิค CAMRY" [Standard equipment and technical data CAMRY]. Thailand: Toyota. 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  9. "Attainable Premium, Actualized: All-New 2019 Toyota Avalon Beams Effortless Sophistication, Style, and Exhilaration at the 2018 North American International Auto Show" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 15 January 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  10. "2017 Toyota Camry Press Kit" (Press release). Australia: Toyota. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  11. https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2018-01-0366/
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