Viceroy of Min-Zhe

Viceroy of Min-Zhe
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	閩浙總督
Simplified Chinese	闽浙总督
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Mǐnzhè Zǒngdū
Wade–Giles	Min-Che Tsung-tu
Governor-General of Taiwan, Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Manager of Waterways, Director of Civil Affairs; (full title)
Traditional Chinese	總督台灣福建浙江等處地方，提督軍務、糧餉、管理河道兼巡撫事
Simplified Chinese	总督台湾福建浙江等处地方，提督军务、粮饷、管理河道兼巡抚事
Transcriptions
Manchu name
Manchu script	ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ; ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ ᠨᡳ ; ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ; ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ; ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ
Romanization	fugiyan jegiyang ni uheri kadalara amban

The Viceroy of Min-Zhe, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of Taiwan, Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Manager of Waterways, Director of Civil Affairs, was one of eight Viceroys in China proper during the Qing dynasty. The "Zhe" refers to Zhejiang Province while "Min" is the abbreviation of Fujian Province. Taiwan was also under the Viceroy's control until after the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki.

Map of viceroys in Qing Dynasty of China

History

The office of Viceroy of Min-Zhe was created under the name "Viceroy of Zhe-Min" in 1645 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor. At the time of its creation, its headquarters were in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. In 1648, the headquarters shifted to Quzhou, Zhejiang Province. About 10 years later, the office split into the Viceroy of Fujian and Viceroy of Zhejiang, which were respectively based in Zhangzhou and Wenzhou.

In 1672, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the office of the Viceroy of Fujian shifted from Zhangzhou back to Fuzhou. In 1687, the Viceroy of Fujian was renamed "Viceroy of Min-Zhe".

In 1727, the Yongzheng Emperor specially appointed Li Wei as Viceroy of Zhejiang. The Viceroy of Min-Zhe, on the other hand, was in charge of only Fujian. The two offices were merged under "Viceroy of Min-Zhe" in 1734.

In 1736, the Qianlong Emperor restored the earlier system by appointing Ji Zengyun (嵇曾筠) as the Viceroy of Zhejiang, managing only Zhejiang. Hao Yulin (郝玉麟), the Viceroy of Min-Zhe, was in charge of only Fujian. These changes were reversed in 1738 after the Qianlong Emperor recalled Ji Zengyun back to the imperial capital, leaving Hao Yulin in charge of both Zhejiang and Fujian.

In 1885, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, the office of Provincial Governor of Fujian was merged into the office of the Viceroy of Min-Zhe.

In 1911, the last Viceroy of Minzhe Songshou was overthrown and killed by soldiers in mutiny during the Xinhai revolution.

List of Viceroys of Min-Zhe

#	Name	Start of term	End of term
Viceroy of Zhe-Min (1645–1658)
1	Zhang Cunren 張存仁	1645	1647
2	Chen Jin 陳錦	1647	1652
3	Liu Qingtai 劉清泰	1652	1654
4	Tuntai 屯泰	1654	1656
5	Li Shuaitai 李率泰	1656	1658
Viceroy of Zhejiang (1658–1687)
6	Zhao Guozuo 趙國祚	1658	1661
7	Zhao Tingchen 趙廷臣	1661	1669
8	Liu Zhaoqi 劉兆麒	1669	1673
9	Li Zhifang 李之芳	1673	1682
10	Shi Weihan 施維翰	1682	1683
11	Wang Guo'an 王國安	1684	1684
Viceroy of Fujian (1658–1687)
6	Li Shuaitai 李率泰	1658	1664
7	Zhu Changzuo 朱昌祚	1664	1665
8	Zhang Chaolin 張朝璘	1666	1667
9	Zu Zepu 祖澤溥	1667	1669
10	Liu Dou 劉斗	1670	1672
11	Fan Chengmo 范承謨	1672	1674
12	Lang Tingzuo 郎廷佐	1674	1676
13	Lang Tingxiang 郎廷相	1676	1678
14	Yao Qisheng 姚啟聖	1678	1683
15	Shi Weihan 施維翰	1683	1684
16	Wang Guo'an 王國安	1684	1687
Viceroy of Min-Zhe (1687–1911)
17	Wang Xinming 王新命	1687	1688
18	Wang Zhi 王騭	1688	1689
19	Xing Yongchao 興永朝	1689	1692
20	Zhu Hongzuo 朱宏祚	1692	1695
21	Guo Shilong 郭世隆	1695	1702
22	Jin Shirong 金世榮	1702	1706
23	Liang Nai 梁鼐	1706	1710
24	Fan Shichong 范時崇	1710	1715
25	Gioro-Mamboo 覺羅滿保	1715	1725
26	Gao Qizhuo 高其倬	1725	1729
27	Shi Yizhi 史貽直	1729	1730
28	Gao Qizhuo 高其倬	1730	1730
29	Liu Shiming 劉世明	1730	1732
30	Hao Yulin 郝玉麟	1732	1739
Viceroy of Zhejiang (1727–1734, 1736–1738) (coexisted with the Viceroy of Min-Zhe)
	Li Wei 李衛	1727	1732
	Cheng Yuanzhang 程元章	1732	1734
	Ji Zengyun 嵇曾筠	1736	1738
Viceroy of Min-Zhe (1687–1911)
31	Depei 德沛	1739	1742
32	Nasutu 那蘇圖	1742	1744
33	Martai 馬爾泰	1744	1746
34	Ka'erjishan 喀爾吉善	1746	1757
35	Yang Yingju 楊應琚	1757	1759
36	Yang Tingzhang 楊廷璋	1759	1764
37	Suchang 蘇昌	1764	1768
38	Cui Yingjie 崔應階	1768	1770
39	Zhongyin 鍾音	1770	1778
40	Yang Jingsu 楊景素	1778	1779
41	Sanbao 三寶	1779	1780
42	Fuming'an 富明安	1780	1781
43	Chen Huizu 陳輝祖	1781	1782
44	Fulehun 富勒渾	1782	1785
45	Yade 雅德	1785	1786
46	Fugang 富綱	1786	1786
47	Changqing 常青	1786	1787
48	Li Shiyao 李侍堯	1787	1788
49	Fuk'anggan 福康安	1788	1789
50	Ulana 伍拉納	1789	1795
51	Fuk'anggan 福康安	1795	1796
52	Kuilun 魁倫	1796	1799
53	Shulin 書麟	1799	1799
54	Gioro-Changlin 覺羅長麟	1799	1800
55	Yude 玉德	1800	1806
56	Alinbao 阿林保	1806	1809
57	Fang Weidian 方維甸	1809	1810
58	Wang Zhiyi 汪志伊	1810	1817
59	Dong Jiaozeng 董教增	1817	1820
60	Qingbao 慶保	1820	1822
61	Zhao Shenzhen 趙慎畛	1822	1825
62	Sun Erzhun 孫爾准	1825	1832
63	Cheng Zuluo 程祖洛	1832	1836
64	Zhong Xiang 鍾祥	1836	1839
65	Zhou Tianjue 周天爵	1839	1839
66	Guiliang 桂良	1839	1839
67	Deng Tingzhen 鄧廷楨	1839	1840
68	Yan Botao 顏伯燾	1840	1841
69	Yang Guozhen 楊國楨	1841	1842
70	Yiliang 怡良	1842	1843
71	Liu Yunke 劉韻珂	1843	1850
72	Yutai 裕泰	1850	1851
73	Ji Zhichang 季芝昌	1851	1852
74	Wu Wenrong 吳文鎔	1852	1853
75	Huicheng 慧成	1853	1853
76	Wang Yide 王懿德	1854	1859
77	Qingrui 慶端	1859	1862
78	Qiling 耆齡	1862	1863
79	Zuo Zongtang 左宗棠	1863	1866
80	Wu Tang 吳棠	1866	1867
81	Ma Xinyi 馬新貽	1867	1868
82	Yinggui 英桂	1868	1871
83	Zhang Zhiwan 張之萬	1871	1871
84	Li Henian 李鶴年	1871	1876
85	Wenyu 文煜	1876	1876
86	He Jing 何璟	1876	1884
87	Yang Changjun 楊昌濬	1884	1888
88	Bian Baodi 卞寶第	1888	1892
89	Tan Zhonglin 譚鍾麟	1892	1894
90	Bian Baoquan 邊寶泉	1894	1898
91	Xu Yingkui 許應騤	1898	1903
92	Xiliang 錫良	1903	1903
93	Li Xingrui 李興銳	1903	1904
94	Wei Guangtao 魏光燾	1904	1905
95	Shengyun 升允	1905	1905
96	Songfan 嵩蕃	1905	1905
97	Duanfang 端方	1905	1906
98	Zhou Fu 周馥	1906	1906
99	Ding Zhenduo 丁振鐸	1906	1907
100	Songshou 松壽	1907	1911

References

Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese).

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Viceroy of Min-Zhe

History

List of Viceroys of Min-Zhe

Related topics

References