Volvo D5 engine

Volvo D5 engine D5244T15 (Euro 5), in 2015 model year Volvo XC70

It is an all aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshafts. In all but one late version it has a VGT turbocharger of the type VNT (variable nozzle turbine), common rail direct injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).

There are three generations of D5 engines:

• The first generation was introduced in 2001.
• The second generation was introduced in 2005. The second generation got a slight reduction in stroke and has a reduced compression ratio, a water-cooled VNT turbocharger with a bigger compressor and an electric servo motor to adjust the vanes, an improved EGR system, a throttle valve, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with improved injectors.[3]
• The third generation was introduced in 2009. The third generation got a further reduction in compression ratio, a two-stage turbo system (D5244T10), an improved exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with higher pressure and piezoelectric injectors.

D5 emblem on a 2008 Volvo C30

Volvo has a special version of the D5 (D5244T8/T13) for use in the C30, S40, V50 and C70 models that produces 180 PS (132 kW) and 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) of torque, reduced to 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) with automatic transmission. The engine compartments of these cars are smaller so among other things the engine has a different air intake system, different exhaust system, smaller charge air cooler and a smaller radiator.

In 2009 Volvo, in conjunction with Polestar, launched software upgrades for many of its D5 engines.[4] These upgrades have no impact on official emission or fuel consumption figures, but produce power and torque gains of typically a little over 10%. The first engine to have such an upgrade available was the D5244T4, and the upgrade increased the torque from 400 to 450 N⋅m (295 to 332 lb⋅ft), and power from 185 to 205 PS (136 to 151 kW). The same upgrade was available for the mechanically-identical D5244T5. Similar upgrades have since been launched for later engines. [5]

The D5244T is also offered as a marine engine by Volvo Penta under the name D3. The marinised engine is in large parts identical to D5244T. This includes crankshaft, pistons, camshafts, valves, cylinder block, cylinder head, turbo, injectors and the high pressure pump. The D3 ECU has a modified software, which e.g. gives a modified torque suited for marine applications and has a simplified starting sequence. The hardware differences between D5244T and D3 are: a water-cooled intercooler, a water-cooled exhaust manifold, a heavier monolithic crankwheel, a seawater-pump and a heat exchanger. The output is 110 hp (82 kW) at 3,000 rpm, 130 hp (97 kW), 160 hp (119 kW), 190 hp (142 kW), 220 hp (164 kW) at 4,000 rpm and it is coupled to a duoprop I/O system.

Note: 'D5' is branding. All these engines share the five-cylinder block, although not all consistently used the 'D5' badge over time. This is due to changes in hardware and the specific model the engine was deployed in. E.g. On the S60 -05 range, the D5244T was labelled 'D5', and subsequently the D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range. The D5244T21 was even badged 'D4' when used in the S60 D4 AWD automatic between 2016 and 2018.[8][9] Similarly the 2016 XC60 AWD branded the 190PS D5244T21 as 'D4', but the 220PS D5244T20 as 'D5', whilst the two wheel drive XC60 model of the same year used 'D4' to describe the different D4204T four-cylinder diesel engine developed in conjunction with Ford and PSA.[10]

First generation Volvo D3 engine

In 2010 Volvo debuted a new series of two-liter engines based on the third generation D5 with all the features of that engine. Three models with different power outputs were available (internal model codes D5204T, D5204T2, and D5204T5), marketed as the D3 and D4 depending on output. The direct injection pump is a Bosch CP4 with two heads, helping to produce torque of around 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) even at low engine speeds.

The D3/D4 bore remains the same as in the D5, but with a 77 mm (3.0 in) stroke the displacement is brought down to 1,984 cc (121.1 cu in), keeping it below the vital two-litre threshold in many countries. The D3 is the lower-powered series, with the higher output D5204T referred to as the D4.

In April 2011 the original D5204T2 was replaced by the upgraded T3 version, which featured Volvo's "Volvo Environment Diesel" (VED) technologies to lower emissions and consumption. Power and torque figures remained largely unchanged. In April 2012 a lower tuned engine, the 136 PS (100 kW) D5204T7 was announced; it was marketed as a "D3" and meanwhile the 163 PS (120 kW) version changed its name to "D4".[11]

In autumn of 2013 the new Volvo Engine Architecture was introduced. The 5-cylinder D5 bagan a process of being gradually phased out along with the V70/XC70 and first generation XC60. Production of the D5 type engines ended in 2017.

• D5 215 HP Official press-release