Wolf Prize in Medicine

The Wolf Prize in Medicine is awarded once a year by the Wolf Foundation in Israel.[1] It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978; the others are in Agriculture, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Arts. The Prize has been stated to be the second most prestigious award in science, and a significant predictor of the Nobel Prize.[2]

Laureates[3]
Year Name Nationality Citation
1978 George D. Snell  United States for discovery of H-2 antigens, which codes for major transplantation antigens and the onset of the immune response.
Jean Dausset  France for discovering the HL-A system, the major histocompatibility complex in man and its primordial role in organ transplantation.
Jon J. van Rood  Netherlands for his contribution to the understanding of the complexity of the HL-A system in man and its implications in transplantation and in disease.
1979 Roger Wolcott Sperry  United States for his studies on the functional differentiation of the right and left hemispheres of the brain.
Arvid Carlsson  Sweden for his work which established the role of dopamine as a neurotransmitter.
Oleh Hornykiewicz  Austria for opening a new approach in the control of Parkinson's disease by L-Dopa.
1980 César Milstein
Leo Sachs
James L. Gowans		  Argentina /  United Kingdom;
 Israel;
 United Kingdom		 for their contributions to knowledge of the function and dysfunction of the body cells through their studies on the immunological role of the lymphocytes, the development of specific antibodies and the elucidation of mechanisms governing the control and differentiation of normal and cancer cells.
1981 Barbara McClintock  United States for her imaginative and important contributions to our understanding of chromosome structure behaviour and function, and for her identification and description of transposable genetic (mobile) elements.
Stanley N. Cohen  United States for his concepts underlying genetic engineering; for constructing a biologically functional hybrid plasmid, and for achieving actual expression of a foreign gene implanted in E. coli by the recombinant DNA method.
1982 Jean-Pierre Changeux  France for the isolation, purification and characterization of the acetylcholine receptor.
Solomon H. Snyder  United States for the development of the ways to label neurotransmitter receptors which provide tools to describe their properties.
James W. Black  United Kingdom for developing agents which block beta adrenergic and histamine receptors.
1983/4No award
1984/5 Donald F. Steiner  United States for his discoveries concerning the bio-synthesis and processing of insulin which have had profound implications for basic biology and clinical medicine.
1986 Osamu Hayaishi  Japan for his discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their structure and biological importance.
1987 Pedro Cuatrecasas
Meir Wilchek		  United States
 Israel		 for the invention and development of affinity chromatography and its applications to biomedical sciences.
1988 Henri G. Hers
Elizabeth F. Neufeld		  Belgium
 United States		 for the biochemical elucidation of lysosomal storage diseases and the resulting contributions to biology, pathology, prenatal diagnosis and therapeutics.
1989 John Gurdon  United Kingdom for his introduction of the xenopus oocyte into molecular biology and his demonstration that the nucleus of a differentiated cell and of the egg differ in expression but not in the content of genetic material.
Edward B. Lewis  United States for his demonstration and exploration of the genetic control of the development of body segments by homeotic genes.
1990 Maclyn McCarty  United States for his part in the demonstration that the transforming factor in bacteria is due to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the concomitant discovery that the genetic material is composed of DNA.
1991 Seymour Benzer  United States for having generated a new field of molecular neurogenetics by his pioneering research on the dissection of the nervous system and behavior by gene mutations.
1992 M. Judah Folkman  United States for his discoveries which originated the concept and developed the field of angiogenesis research.
1993No award
1994/5 Michael J. Berridge
Yasutomi Nishizuka		  United Kingdom
 Japan		 for their discoveries concerning cellular transmembrane signalling involving phospholipids and calcium.
1995/6 Stanley B. Prusiner  United States for discovering prions, a new class of pathogens that cause important neurodegenerative disease by inducing changes in protein structure.
1997 Mary Frances Lyon  United Kingdom for her hypothesis concerning the random inactivation of X-chromosomes in mammals.
1998 Michael Sela
Ruth Arnon		  Israel
 Israel		 for their major discoveries in the field of immunology.
1999 Eric R. Kandel  United States for the elucidation of the organismic, cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby short-term memory is converted to a long-term form.
2000No award
2001 Avram Hershko
Alexander Varshavsky		  Israel;
 Russia /  United States		 for the discovery of the ubiquitin system of intracellular protein degradation and the crucial functions of this system in cellular regulation.
2002/3 Ralph L. Brinster  United States for the development of procedures to manipulate mouse ova and embryos, which has enabled transgenesis and its applications in mice.
Mario Capecchi
Oliver Smithies		  Italy /  United States;
 United Kingdom /  United States		 for their contribution to the development of gene-targeting, enabling elucidation of gene function in mice.
2004 Robert A. Weinberg  United States for his discovery that cancer cells including human tumor cells, carry somatically mutated genes-oncogenes that operate to drive their malignant proliferation.
Roger Y. Tsien  United States for his seminal contribution to the design and biological application of novel fluorescent and photolabile molecules to analyze and perturb cell signal transduction.
2005 Alexander Levitzki  Israel for pioneering signal transduction therapy and for developing tyrosine kinase inhibitors as effective agents against cancer and a range of other diseases.
Anthony R. Hunter  United Kingdom /  United States for the discovery of protein kinases that phosphorylate tyrosine residues in proteins, critical for the regulation of a wide variety of cellular events, including malignant transformation.
Anthony J. Pawson  United Kingdom /  Canada for his discovery of protein domains essential for mediating protein-protein interactions in cellular signaling pathways, and the insights this research has provided into cancer.
2006/7No award
2008 Howard Cedar
Aharon Razin		  Israel
 Israel		 for their fundamental contributions to our understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the control of gene expression.
2009No award
2010 Axel Ullrich  Germany for groundbreaking cancer research that has led to development of new drugs.
2011 Shinya Yamanaka
Rudolf Jaenisch		  Japan;
 Germany /  United States		 for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from skin cells (SY) and demonstration that iPS cells can be used to cure genetic disease in a mammal, thus establishing their therapeutic potential (RJ).
2012 Ronald M. Evans  United States for his discovery of the gene super-family encoding nuclear receptors and elucidating the mechanism of action of this class of receptors.
2013No award
2014 Nahum Sonenberg  Israel /  Canada for his discovery of the proteins that control the protein expression mechanism and their operation.
Gary Ruvkun
Victor Ambros		  United States;
 United States		 for the discovery of the micro-RNA molecules that play a key role in controlling gene expression in natural processes and disease development.
2015 John Kappler
Philippa Marrack		  United States;
 United States		 for major contributions to the understanding of the key antigen-specific molecules, the T cell receptor for antigen and antibodies and how these molecules participate in immune recognition and effector function.
Jeffrey Ravetch  United States
2016 C. Ronald Kahn  United States for pioneering studies defining insulin signaling and its alterations in disease.
Lewis C. Cantley  United States for discovery of phosphoinositide- 3 kinases and their roles in physiology and disease.
2017 James P. Allison  United States for a revolution in cancer treatment due to the discovery of the immune control barrier.
2018No award
2019 Jeffrey M. Friedman  United States for the discovery of Leptin and the entirely new endocrine system controlling body weight (and many other processes).[4]
2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier  France for deciphering and repurposing the bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 immune system for genome editing.
Jennifer Doudna  United States for revealing the medicine-revolutionizing mechanism of bacterial immunity via RNA-guided genome editing.[5]

See also

Notes and references
  1. Gurdon, John (2012). Wolf prize in medicine 1978-2008. 1. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4291-73-6.
  2. Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (January 29, 2015). "Wolf Prizes in the sciences and arts presented to nine North Americans". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  3. Wolf Prize Recipients in Medicine
  4. Wolf Prize 2019 - Medicine
  5. Wolf Prize 2020 - Medicine
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