Šurhaci

Šurhaci (Manchu: ᡧᡠᡵᡤᠠᠴᡳ; Möllendorff: šurgaci; Abkai: ｘurgaqi;[1] Chinese: 舒爾哈齊; 1564 – 25 September 1611), was a Jurchen leader, a member of the Aisin Gioro clan, he was a younger brother of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, of what would become the Qing dynasty. Under the Ming dynasty government, he held the title of local chieftain (都指揮) in the Jianzhou district, and maintained relations with the Ming authorities up to the beginning of 1607. In that year, he joined Nurhaci in the campaign against Bujantai and the Ula tribe, receiving the title of darhan baturu. However, as a result of disagreements with his brother over the conquest of the Hoifa and the killing of Hoifa's beile Baindari in 1607, he was put to death four years later at Nurhaci's order and buried in Dongjingling Township, Liaoyang. In 1653, he was posthumously given the rank of qinwang (first-rank prince) under the posthumous title Prince Zhuang of the First Rank.

In this Manchu name, the given name is Šurhaci, but is often simplified to Surhaci in English-language text. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used solely or with titles but not with the clan name Aisin Gioro.
Šurhaci
Prince Zhuang of the First Rank
Succeeded byŠose
Personal details
Born1564 (1564)
China
Died25 September 1611(1611-09-25) (aged 46–47)
China
Spouse(s)Lady Tunggiya,
Ula Nara Hunai
MotherEmpress Xuan
FatherTaksi

Physical appearance

According to the account of Korean ambassadors, Šurhaci was a tall, fat man with a pale-looking square face.

Family

Consorts and Issue:

  • Primary consort, of the Tunggiya clan (嫡福晉 佟佳氏)
    • Altungga (阿爾通阿; d. 1609), first son
  • Secondary consort, of the Hada Nara clan (側福晉 哈達那拉氏)
    • First daughter (30 September 1584 – April/May 1656), personal name Eshitai (額實泰)
      • Married Bujantai (1575–1618) of the Manchu Ula Nara clan in December 1598 or January 1599
  • Secondary consort, of the Fuca clan (側福晉 富察氏)
    • Amin, Prince of the Third Rank (貝勒 阿敏; 1585 – 28 December 1640), second son
    • Second daughter (1584 – December 1638 or January 1639), personal name E'enzhe (額恩哲)
    • Third daughter (b. 4 November 1588)
      • Married Namuxi (納穆錫) of the Manchu Tunggiya clan
  • Secondary consort, of the Gūwalgiya clan (側福晉 瓜爾佳氏)
    • Jasahatu, Duke of the Second Rank (輔國公 扎薩克圖; d. 1609), third son
    • Turan , Prince Kexi of the Third Rank (恪僖貝勒 圖倫; d. 1648), fourth son
    • Jaisanggū, Prince Hehui of the Third Rank (和惠貝勒 寨桑武), fifth son
    • Princess of the Second Rank (和碩公主; 22 July 1590 – May/June 1649), personal name Sundai (蓀岱), fourth daughter
      • Married Enggeder (恩格德爾; d. 1636) of the Khalkha Borjigit clan in March/April 1617
    • Sixth daughter (b. 13 February 1595)
      • Married Moluohun (漠落渾) of the Manchu Nara clan in January/February 1614
    • Seventh daughter (b. 18 September 1597)
      • Married Chuoheluo (綽和絡) of the Manchu Wanyan clan in July 1609
    • Nuomudai (諾穆岱; 2 August 1601 – 30 July 1613), seventh son
    • Eighth daughter (b. 1602)
      • Married Badana (巴達納) of the Manchu Nara clan in August/September 1616
    • Ninth daughter
    • Tenth daughter (b. 17 December 1603)
      • Married Babai (巴拜) of the Mongol Borjigit clan in August/September 1622
  • Secondary consort, of the Ula Nara clan (側福晉 烏喇那拉氏), personal name Hunai (滹奈)
  • Secondary consort, of the Gūwalgiya clan (側福晉 瓜爾佳氏)
    • Fiyanggū, Prince Jianjingding of the First Rank (簡靖定親王 費揚武; 1605 – January/February 1644), eighth son
  • Concubine, of the Donggo clan (格格 董鄂氏)
    • Fifth daughter (b. 18 March 1593)
      • Married Gumubei (固穆貝) of the Manchu Donggo clan in February/March 1606
  • Concubine, of the Ayan Gioro clan (格格 阿顏覺羅氏)
    • Naodai (瑙岱; b. 1608), ninth son
    • 11th daughter (b. 23 June 1608)
      • Married Kudena (庫德納) of the Manchu Lala (拉喇) clan in March/April 1623
    • 12th daughter (b. 25 March 1610)
      • Married Muwuna (穆扤納) of the Manchu Nara clan in January/February 1623
  • Concubine, of the Sirin Gioro clan
    • Jaisanggū, Prince Hehui of the Third Rank (和惠貝勒 寨桑武), fifth son

Ancestry
Sibeoci Fiyanggū
Fuman
Giocangga (1526–1583)
Douliji
Empress Zhi
Taksi (1543–1583)
Empress Yi
Šurhaci (1564–1611)
Douliji
Cancha
Agu
Empress Xuan (d. 1569)

References
  1. Various authors (1987). 清实录·满洲实录 (Veritable Records of the Qing dynasty, Manchu Veritable Record). Zhonghua Book Company. p. 19.
  • Kennedy, George A. "Surhaci." edited by Hummel, Arthur W. (1943). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-1-906876-06-7
  • Peterson, Willard J. (2002). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 9. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24334-6
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