1255
Year 1255 (MCCLV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1255 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1255 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1255 MCCLV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2008 |
| Armenian calendar | 704 ԹՎ ՉԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6005 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1176–1177 |
| Bengali calendar | 662 |
| Berber calendar | 2205 |
| English Regnal year | 39 Hen. 3 – 40 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1799 |
| Burmese calendar | 617 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6763–6764 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲寅年 (Wood Tiger) 3951 or 3891 — to — 乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit) 3952 or 3892 |
| Coptic calendar | 971–972 |
| Discordian calendar | 2421 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1247–1248 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5015–5016 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1311–1312 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1176–1177 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4355–4356 |
| Holocene calendar | 11255 |
| Igbo calendar | 255–256 |
| Iranian calendar | 633–634 |
| Islamic calendar | 652–653 |
| Japanese calendar | Kenchō 7 (建長７年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1164–1165 |
| Julian calendar | 1255 MCCLV |
| Korean calendar | 3588 |
| Minguo calendar | 657 before ROC 民前657年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −213 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1797–1798 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木虎年 (male Wood-Tiger) 1381 or 1000 or 228 — to — 阴木兔年 (female Wood-Rabbit) 1382 or 1001 or 229 |
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Events
Asia
- Hulagu Khan begins his campaign to destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia, with the main targets being the Nizari Ismaili strongholds and the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.
Europe
- May – William of Rubruck from Constantinople returns to Cyprus, from his missionary journey to convert the Tatars of central and eastern Asia, his efforts having been unsuccessful.
- August – The final Cathar stronghold in southern France falls, eliminating their last refuge, since the Roman Catholic Church began the Albigensian Crusade to crush the sect in 1209.
- The death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln prompts the persecution of Jews in England, based on the blood libel.
- Lisbon becomes the capital of Portugal.
- A survey of royal privileges is conducted, which is included in the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow-up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086; the Hundred Rolls is later completed with two larger surveys, in 1274/1275 and 1279/1280.
- Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) is founded by the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, and named in honour of King Ottokar II of Bohemia.
- Theodore II Laskaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), conducts a military campaign to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians. He concludes the task successfully a year later, in 1256.
- The Duchy of Bavaria is split into Upper and Lower Bavaria.
- The lands of the House of Nassau are divided, not to be reunited until 1806.
- King Béla IV of Hungary grants Banská Bystrica the municipal rights of a royal town.
Arts and culture
- The Gothic cathedral at Bourges, France, is completed (it is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).
Markets
- At the death of Bernardo Bonsignori, his brother, Orlando, is left sole director of the largest banking firm in western Europe, the Gran Tavola of Siena.[1]
Births
- July – Albert I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1308)
- October 23 – Ferdinand de la Cerda, Spanish noble (d. 1275)
- William de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros, claimant to the crown of Scotland (d. 1317)
- Duccio di Buoninsegna, Sienese painter (d. 1319)
- Margherita Colonna, Italian abbess (d. 1284)
- Grand Prince Andrey of Gorodets (approximate date; d. 1304)
- Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans (approximate date; d. 1298)
Deaths
- May 1 – Walter de Gray, English prelate and statesman
- August 27 – Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln (b. 1247)
- Batu Khan, Mongol ruler and founder of the Blue Horde
- Alice, Countess of Bigorre, ruler
- Jarler, Archbishop of Uppsala since 1236
- Sundiata Keita, semi-historical hero and founder of the Mali Empire (approximate date; b. c. 1190)
- December 1 or 2 – Muhammad III of Alamut, the Nizari Ismaili Imam
References
- Catoni, Giuliano. "BONSIGNORI". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
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