1660s

• January 1
  • Colonel George Monck (with his regiment) crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream, and begins his advance towards London in support of the English Restoration.[1]
  • Samuel Pepys begins his diary.[2]
• February 3 – George Monck and his regiment arrive in London.[3]
• February 13 – Charles XI becomes king of Sweden at the age of five, upon the death of his father, Charles X Gustavus.
• February 27 – John Thurloe is reinstated as England's Secretary of State, having been deprived of his offices late in the previous year.
• March 16 – The Long Parliament disbands.
• April 4 – The Declaration of Breda promises amnesty, freedom of conscience, and army back pay, in return for support for the English Restoration.[3]
• May 3 – Treaty of Oliva: Peace is made between Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia.
• May 8 – The Parliament of England declares Prince Charles Stuart, King Charles II of England.
• May 15 – John Thurloe is arrested for high treason, for his support of Oliver Cromwell's regime.
• May 25 – Charles II of England lands at Dover.[4]
• May 27 – The Treaty of Copenhagen is signed, marking the conclusion of the Second Northern War. Sweden returns Trøndelag to Norway, and Bornholm to Denmark.
• May 29 – King Charles II of England arrives in London and assumes the throne, marking the beginning of the English Restoration.[3]
• June 1 – Mary Dyer is hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• June 29 – John Thurloe is released from custody.

• August 19 – Dr Edward Stanley preaches a sermon in the nave of Winchester Cathedral, to commemorate the return of the Chapter, following the English Restoration.
• September 25 – Samuel Pepys has his first cup of tea (an event recorded in his diary).[2]
• October 17 – The ten regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England are hanged, drawn and quartered, a process which includes their being disemboweled and their bowels burned before their eyes.
• November 28 – At Gresham College in London, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray meet after a lecture by Wren, and decide to found "a College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning" (later known as the Royal Society).
• December – Andres Malong, a native chieftain of Pangasinan, Philippines, leads a revolt against the Spanish regime.
• December 8 – The first English actress appears on the professional stage in England in a non-singing rôle, as Desdemona in Othello, following reopening of the theatres (variously considered to be Margaret Hughes, Anne Marshall or Katherine Corey).[5][6][7]

• The Royal African Company is founded by James II of England, to trade slaves along the coast of West Africa.
• Blaise Pascal's Lettres provinciales, a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld, is ordered to be shredded and burned by King Louis XIV of France.
• The expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique is carried out, by French occupying forces.
• Hopkins School is founded.
• The Rigsraad (High Council) of Denmark is abolished[8] and Denmark–Norway becomes an absolute monarchy with the Kingdom of Denmark as a hereditary monarchy by Frederik III.
• A permanent standing army is established in Prussia.

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