1670s

• January 21 – French-born highwayman Claude Duval is executed at Tyburn, in London.
• April 29 – Pope Clement X succeeds Pope Clement IX, as the 239th pope.
• May 2 – The Hudson's Bay Company is founded in England, to operate in Canada.
• June 1 – At Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, ending hostilities between their kingdoms. Louis will give Charles 200,000 pounds annually. In return Charles will relax the laws against Catholics, gradually re-Catholicize England, support French policy against the Dutch Republic (leading England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War), and convert to Catholicism himself.
• June 15 – The first stone of Fort Ricasoli is laid down in Malta.

• July 18 (July 8, O.S.) – Treaty of Madrid (1670): Spain recognises Jamaica and the Cayman Islands as English possessions.
• August – Spanish frigates attack Charleston, South Carolina.
• September 1–5 – William Penn and William Mead are tried in London, after a Quaker sermon.
• November 24 – Louis XIV of France authorises work to commence on the construction of Les Invalides, a veterans' hospital in Paris, France.
• December 15 – Welsh privateer in English service, Henry Morgan, recaptures Santa Catalina Island, Colombia.
• December 27 – Henry Morgan captures Fort San Lorenzo, on Panama's Caribbean coast.
• December 31 – The expedition of John Narborough leaves Corral Bay having surveyed the coast and lost four hostages to the Spanish.[1]

• Stenka Razin begins the rebellion of Cossacks in Ukraine.
• Niani, capital of the Mali Empire, is sacked by the Bambara people of the emerging Segou Empire.
• The first French settlers arrive on the Petite Côte, of modern-day Senegal.

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